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'''Critical theory''', in [[sociology]] and [[philosophy]], is shorthand for '''critical theory of society''' or '''critical social theory''', a label used by the [[Frankfurt School]], i.e., members of the [[Institute for Social Research]] of the [[University of Frankfurt]], their intellectual and social network, and those influenced by them intellectually, to describe their own work, oriented toward radical social change, in contradistinction to "traditional theory," i.e. theory in the [[positivism|positivistic]], scientistic, or purely observational mode. In [[literature]] and [[literary criticism]] and [[cultural studies]], by contrast, "[[critical theory]]" means something quite different, namely theory used in criticism.
*[[Frankfurt School]]
*[[cultural studies]]