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The term is widely used in both [[psychoanalysis]] and [[clinical]] [[psychology]] to describe mechanisms that relocate elements of the [[psyche]] in the external world.
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In [[psychoanalysis]], [[projection]] is used to describe the process that enables the [[subject]] to expel feelings, qualities or [[object]]s it refuses to recognize in itelf.
[[Projection] makes them appear to be external objects rather than internal parts of the [[psyche]].
For [[Freud]], [[projection]] is not a purely pathological phenomenon, but a normal feature of, for example, superstitution and religious beliefs; demons and ghosts are [[projection]]s of "evil" [[unconscious]] [[desire]]s and impulses.
In so-called projective jealousy, the [[subject]] wards off his [[desire]] to be unfaithful by projecing jealousy onto his partner, and thus deflects attention away from his own [[unconscious]] [[desire]].<ref>Freud. 1922b.</ref>
[[Projection]] is an important aspect of [[paranoia]], and [[Freud]]'s clearest descriptions of the phenomenon come from his account of the Schreber case.<ref>1911b</ref>
The statement "I hate him" is transformed by [[projection]] into the statement "He hates me and is persecuting me."
The [[paranoiac]]'s initial impulse to hate can thus be justified as a rational defence against [[aggression]].
According to [[Anna Freud]] (1936), [[projection]] is one of the [[ego]]'s [[defence mechanism]]s.
The [[projection]] of hatred characteristic of [[paranoia]] relieves, that is, the [[ego]] from the guilt it feels over its hatred of an [[object]].
[[Anna Freud]] thus assumes that the [[ego]] already knows the difference between "inside" and "outside."
The mechanism of [[projection]] is basic to the play-therapy technique developed by [[Klein]]: it allows the child to act out internal conflicts by projecting them onto the toys it has been given.
In psychoanalytic terms, [[projection]] is the antithesis of [[introjection]].
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In [[clinical]] [[psychology]], projective tests such as Rorschach tests are used to diagnose personality types.
The [[patient]] is given an unstructured set of stimuli, such as visual iamges, that cna trigger a wide range of responses.
A correct interpretation of the stimuli is an indication of [[adaptation]] to reality; [[analysis]] of the [[fantasies]] and emotional responses that are simultaneously projected provides insight into the individual personality of the [[patient]].
The underlying thesis is that an individual's response to the outside world is governed by the state and the structure of his or her inner world.
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[[Projection]] is a [[defence mechanism]] in which an [[internal]] [[desire]]]/[[thought]]/[[feeling]] is [[displaced]] and located [[outside]] the [[subject]], in another [[subject]].
Whereas [[projection]] is an [[Imaginary]] [[mechanism]], [[introjection]] is a [[Symbolic]] process.<ref>{{Ec}} p.655</ref>
===Projection===
====Explanation====
Projection takes one's own anxiety-arousing impulses and attributes them to someone else.
====Examples====
A husband finds himself attracted to a charming and flirtatious woman at work. Instead of acknowledging his attraction, he becomes increasingly jealous of his wife and worried about her faithfulness to the marriage. Freud would say that the jealous husband is simply projecting his own feelings onto his wife in an effort to reduce the anxiety he feels about his own unacceptable feelings.
== References ==
# Muller, John P. and William J. Richardson. Lacan and Language: A Reader's Guide to Ecrits. New York: International Universiites Press, Inc., 1982. Projection, 34, 46, 51, 54, 62,116,169, 199,200,203,204,227,228,240, 241,254
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