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==Freudian Dictionary==
<blockquote>Psychoanalysis is the name (1) of a procedure for the investigation of mental processes which are almost inaccessible in any other way, (2) of a method (based upon that investigation) for the treatment of neurotic disorders and (3) of a collection of psychological information obtained along those lines, which is gradually being accumulated into a new scientific discipline.<ref>{{PA}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Psychoanalysis is a dynamic conception, which reduces mental life to the interplay of reciprocally urging and checking forces.<ref>{{PVD}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>The contribution of psychoanalysis to science consists precisely in having extended research to the region of the mind.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 7</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Psychoanalysis is not, in my opinion, in a position to create a Weltanschauung of its own. It has no need to do so, for it is a branch of science, and can subscribe to the scientific Weltanschauung.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 7</ref></blockquote>
===Psychoanalysis, Field of Application of===
<blockquote>The field in which analytical therapy can be applied is that of the transference-neuroses, phobias, hysterias, obsessional neuroses, and besides these such abnormalities of character as have been developed instead of these diseases. Everything other than these, such as narcissistic or psychotic conditions, is more or less unsuitable.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 6</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>The sphere of application of psychoanalysis extends as far as that of psychology, to which it forms a complement of the greatest moment.<ref>{{ABS}} Ch. 6</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>The impulses and their transformations are the last things psychoanalysis can discern. Henceforth it leaves the stage to biological investigation.<ref>{{LVD}} Ch. 6</ref></blockquote>
===Psychoanalysis, Objects and Aims of===
<blockquote>The analysis aims at laying bare the complexes which have been repressed as a result of the painful feelings associated with them, and which produce signs of resistance when there is an attempt to bring them into consciousness.<ref>{{PA}} {{CL}} {{PA&CL}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>It is one of the tasks of psychoanalysis to lift the veil of amnesia which shrouds the earliest years of childhood and to bring the expressions of infantile sexual life which are hidden behind it into conscious memory.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 1</ref></blockquote>
===Psychoanalysis, Theory of===
<blockquote>The whole of psychoanalytic theory is in fact built up on the perception of the resistance exerted by the patient when we try to make him conscious of his unconscious.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 3</ref></blockquote>
===Psychoanalysis as a Therapeutic Method===
<blockquote>One of the first applications of psychoanalysis was that we were able to understand the opposition we had to meet on account of our psychoanalytic activities .... Psychoanalysis originated as a therapeutic procedure; it has gone for beyond that, but it has never given up its original field of work, and it still relies upon contact with clinical material for its further advances and development. The accumulation of empirical data upon which we base our theories can be obtained in no other way . . . . Psychoanalysis really is a form of therapy, just as other methods are .... As a psychotherapeutic method, analysis does not stand in opposition to other methods employed in this branch of medicine; it does not invalidate them nor does it exclude them. ... The practice of psychoanalysis is difficult and exacting! As a rule psychoanalysis either possesses the doctor entirely or not at all .... Compared with other psychotherapeutic procedures, phychoanalysis is far and away the most powerful. In suitable cases one can remove disturbances, and bring about alterations which could not be hoped for in preanalytic times. But it has also perfectly clearly felt limitations.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 6</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>No injury to the patient is to be feared when the treatment is conducted with real comprehension.<ref>{{PT}}</ref></blockquote>
{{Freudian Dictionary}}
==Below==
[[Psychoanalysis]] is the [[theory]] and [[practice]] initiated by [[Sigmund Freud]] -- founded on the discovery of the [[unconscious]].
[[Freud]] distinguishes between [[psychoanalysis]] as
# a method for investigating [[unconscious]] mental processes,
# a method for treating neurotic disorders, and
# a set of theories about the mental processes revealed by the psychoanalytic method of investigation and treatment.<ref>{{F}} "Two Encyclopaedia Articles." 1923. SE XVIII. p.235</ref>
[[Lacan]] trained initially as a [[psychiatrist]], and turned to [[psychoanalysis]] to help him with his [[psychiatric]] research.
This then led [[Lacan]] to train as a [[psychoanalyst]] himself in the 1930s.
From then on, until his [[death]] in 1981, he dedicated himself to practicing as an [[analyst]] and developing [[psychoanalytic theory]].
In the process, [[Lacan]] constructed a highly original way of discussing [[psychoanalysis]] which both reflected and determined an original way of conducting the [[treatment]]; in this sense it is thus possible to speak of a specifically [[Lacanian]] form of [[psychoanalytic treatment]].
However, [[Lacan]] never admits that he has created a distinctive "[[Lacanian]]" form of [[psychoanalysis]].
On the contrary, when he describes his own approach to [[psychoanalysis]], he speaks only of "[[psychoanalysis]]," thus implying that his own approach is the only authentic form of [[psychoanalysis]], the only one which is truly in line with [[Freud]]'s approach.
Thus the three major non-[[Lacanian]] [[school]]s of [[psychoanalytic theory]] ([[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], [[Ego-psychology]], [[Object-relations theory]]) are all, in [[Lacan]]'s view, deviations from authentic [[psychoanalysis]] whose errors his own [[return to Freud]] is designed to correct.
--
From the very beginning, [[Lacan]] argues that [[psychoanalytic theory]] is a [[scientific]] rather than a [[religious]] mode of [[discourse]], with a specific object.
Attempts to apply concepts developed in psychoanalytic theory to other objects cannot claim to be doing "applied psychoanalysis," since [[psychoanalytic theory]] is not a general master discourse but the theory of a specific situation.{{Ec}} p.747</ref>
[[Psychoanalysis]] is an autonomous discipline; it may borrow concepts from many other disciplines, but this doe snotmeant that it is dependent on any of them, since it reworks these concepts in a unique way.
Thus psychoanalysis is not a brance of [[psychology]], nor of medicine, nor of [[philosophy]], nor of [[linguistics]], and it is certainly not a form of psychotherapy, since its aim is not to "cure" but to articulate truth.
[[Psychoanalysis]] is a set of psychological theories and methods based on the work of [[Sigmund Freud]].
==History==
===Efficacy===
===Cost and length===
===Training===
==Theory==
===The Unconscious and Psychic Structures===
===Roots of Neurosis==
===Life and Death Instincts===
===Post-Freudian Schools===
===Influence===
==Criticisms==
===Scientific Validity===
===Controversy over Efficacy===
===Theoretical Criticism===
==See Also==
* [[Practice]]
* [[Theory]]
* [[Unconscious]]
==References==
<references/>
psychoa'nalysis. Also with hyphen and (rare) as psychanalysis. [ad. Fr. psychoanalyse (S. Freud 1896, in Rev. Neurologique IV. 166): see psycho- and analysis. Freud earlier used psychische analyse and klinischpsychologische analyse (Neurol. Centralbl. (1894) XIII. 364). ]
