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:Freudian [[stage ]] of [[development]], ages 1-3. During this stage the [[child]]'s focus of [[pleasure ]] is the anus. There is a [[conflict ]] between the child's [[desire ]] to expel [[feces ]] and the [[parents]]' attempt to toilet train the child.

:Greek [[word ]] [[meaning ]] "to occupy" or "to invest." In [[Freudian ]] [[psychology]], it is used to describe the [[process ]] of attaching [[sexual ]] ([[psychic]]) [[energy ]] (libido) to a ([[particular]]) [[object ]] (or [[goal]]).

:A [[psychoanalytic ]] [[defense ]] [[mechanism ]] in which one's desire for something inappropriate, such as one's [[mother]], is [[displaced ]] onto something acceptable, such as one's wife. The acceptable person shares characteristics with, and takes the [[place ]] of, the unacceptable person.

:The use of [[dreams ]] as a source of information [[about ]] the [[unconscious ]] in psychoanalysis.

:English [[translation ]] of [[Freud]]'s term ''[[das Ich]]'', or "the I." One of the [[three ]] [[structures ]] (components) of the [[mind ]] ([[psyche]]) as conceived by psychoanalysis. Obeys the "[[reality ]] [[principle]]," (deal with reality) mediating between the [[real ]] [[world ]] and the desires of the id.

:Freudian term for the sex [[instinct]].

:In Freudian [[theory]], the process by which libido is attached to various [[objects ]] and [[erogenous zones ]] (mouth, anus, genitals) during development. Fixation of different amounts of libido at various [[stages ]] leads to differences in [[personality]].

:In psychoanalysis, a [[technique ]] in which the [[patient ]] generates [[words ]] by [[association]]. Supposed to act as a window into the unconscious.

:The stage after [[puberty ]] in Freudian theory; lasts throughout [[life]]. Focus is on reproduction and caring for the next generation.

:A disorder common in Freud's [[female ]] [[patients ]] in turn-of-the-century [[Vienna]], characterized by a grab-bag of somatic [[symptoms]]: limb [[paralysis]], motor automatisms, sensory deficits, atonia, etc.

:English translation of Freud's term ''[[das Es]]'', or "the It." One of the three structures (components) of the mind (psyche) in psychoanalysis, it is [[responsible ]] for [[instinctual ]] urges and is completely unconscious. Of these structures, it is the most [[primitive]]; the source of sex and [[death ]] [[drives]]; obeys the "[[pleasure principle]]."

:In Freudian theory, a period of [[repressed ]] [[sexuality ]] between the [[Oedipal ]] crisis and puberty (the [[genital ]] period).

:In Freudian theory, sexual energy. Each person has only a certain amount of libido that can be "cathected" and fixated onto various objects. [[Psychic energy ]] derived from the sex [[drive]].

:The field of [[medicine ]] concerned with brain disease and brain injuries. Distinct from neuroscience (the [[scientific ]] study of the brain) and neuropsychology (the study of [[psychological ]] disorders and impairments caused by brain dysfunction).

:A [[mental ]] disorder that involves [[distortion]], but not outright [[rejection]], of reality. [[Neuroses ]] include [[anxiety ]] disorders, "hysteria," "neurasthenia," and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

:Takes place during the [[phallic ]] stage in Freud's [[developmental ]] theory. Boys [[want ]] to kill [[father ]] and [[sleep ]] with mother because of sexual attraction to mother; girls want to kill mother and sleep with father because of "[[penis ]] [[envy]]." The crisis leads to [[identification ]] with the same-sex parent and development of superego. A persistent set of unconscious beliefs and desires that results, according to Freud, from the [[childhood ]] repression of the desire to sleep with one's mother and kill one's father.

:The field of [[biology ]] concerned with the activities and functions of [[biological ]] systems (as opposed to anatomy, which is concerned with the structures of biological systems).

;[[Physicalism]] ([[materialism]]):The [[philosophical ]] [[position ]] that all phenomena can be explained by reference to [[physical ]] (or "[[material]]") objects and the laws that govern their interactions.

:The "instant [[gratification]]" policy followed by the id. The principle obeyed by the id, which attempts to accomplish [[infantile ]] wishes such as the [[wish ]] to have sex with one's mother and kill one's father.

:A psychoanalytic [[defense mechanism ]] by which an unwanted desire is attributed to [[others ]] instead of the [[self]]. If you [[hate ]] your father, for example, you might [[project ]] your own [[feelings ]] onto him and become convinced that your father hates you.

:A method of [[psychotherapy ]] and psychological theorizing founded by [[Sigmund Freud ]] in turn-of- the-century Vienna. Focuses on early life experiences, basic [[instincts]], and the interplay of unconscious forces (thus a kind of "psychodynamic" theory). Originally a method of treating [[people ]] with [[neurotic ]] disorders invented and made popular by Sigmund Freud. Also a general method of [[interpreting ]] [[behavior]], art, [[history]], etc., as [[being ]] rooted in unconscious (usually sexual) desires.

:A person who performs psychoanalysis. Often a medical doctor, though not always, especially after the 1960s in [[Europe]].

: A mental disorder that involves outright rejection or [[denial ]] of reality. [[Psychotic ]] [[conditions ]] include [[schizophrenia]], very severe [[depression]], and manic- depressive disorder.

:A psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which an unwanted desire is converted into its opposite; e.g. a [[hatred ]] of one's father is converted into a powerful (neurotic) [[love ]] for him.

:In Freud's theory, the principle followed by the ego. Accommodates the constraints of reality while still trying to [[satisfy ]] the id's urges and the superego's ideals. The principle obeyed by the ego, which attempts to reconcile the id's desires with reality.

:The process by which the ego prevents unwanted desires from emerging into [[consciousness]]. According to psychoanalysis, partially-successful repression is the [[cause ]] of neuroticism.

:The use of psychic energy generated by an unwanted or inappropriate [[desire, ]] such as the desire to have sex with one's mother, for an acceptable [[activity ]] such as art, [[science]], [[good ]] works, etc.

;[[Superego]]:English translation of Freud's term "Über-Ich", or "over-I." It is partly [[conscious]], and it enforces rules and imposes [[guilt]]. One of the three structures (components) in the [[psychoanalytic theory ]] of mind (psyche), the [[super-ego ]] represents internalized [[social ]] rules. The superego develops during the [[phallic stage ]] and is the internalized [[representation ]] of [[society]]'s morals and goals; the [[conscience]].

;[[Thanatos]]:Freudian [[name ]] for the "death" instinct; the [[human ]] tendency towards [[aggression]], stagnation, and [[destruction]].