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[[Freud ]] wrote ''The Question of Lay [[Analysis'' ]] as an occasional piece in support of one of his friends, Theodor Reik, who had been accused of practicing [[medicine ]] illegally (he was not a physician). He cast it in the [[form ]] of an informal conversation with an "impartial interlocutor," probably Julius Tandler, the Viennese city councilor for [[welfare]], with whom he had in fact discussed the Reik [[case.The question of "lay" analysis had been of concern to Freud and his students for a long time because not all of them were physicians. The gap..]].
The question of "lay" analysis had been of concern to Freud and his students for a long [[time]] because not all of [[them]] were physicians. The gap had progressively widened between those who, like Freud, felt that sound [[training]] as an [[analyst]] was all that mattered, regardless of any previously acquired diplomas, and those (particularly [[Abraham]] A. Brill and the Americans) who, considering analysis to be a medical [[discipline]], wanted to [[prohibit]] non-physicians from practicing. Ernest [[Jones]] launched a major survey of the [[analytic]] [[community]] before the Innsbruck International Congress in September 1927, at which twenty-eight contributions on the [[subject]] were discussed without any agreement [[being]] reached. Freud wrote a "Postscript" for the occasion, maintaining his [[claim]] that analysis could be practiced by non-physicians.
Freud opens the [[imaginary]] conversation of The Question of [[Lay Analysis]] by describing disorders for which the ordinary physician can offer no [[real]] [[help]], then proceeds to [[outline]] the methods of free [[association]], [[dream]] analysis and so on, which seek to shed light on [[unconscious]] [[processes]]. He provides his putative interlocutor, whose supposed criticisms and questions frequently [[punctuate]] the [[exchange]], with some [[notion]], from the [[dynamic]] point of view, of his [[structural]] [[theory]] of the [[mind]], of the [[instincts]] and, from the [[economic]] point of view, of [[repression]] and [[anxiety]], of [[childhood]] [[sexuality]], of the [[Oedipus]] [[complex]], and so on. This metapsychological [[overview]] is followed by an account of the procedures of analytic [[therapy]] ([[transference]], [[resistance]], and the art of [[interpretation]]). Neither general medicine nor [[psychiatry]] prepares the physician for any of this, Freud declares; they may even constitute an obstacle. Special training is required, beginning with a personal analysis, without which even a physician may be no more than a [[quack]]. Any legislation on the subject would therefore be more of a hindrance than a help. Freud therefore concludes that analysis may perfectly well be practiced by non-physicians. Such an analyst would nevertheless [[need]] the help of a physician, prior to the analysis, in [[order]] to settle diagnostic questions or, in the course of the analysis, to take over in the case of disorders beyond the scope of the analyst: but the same holds for the physician analyst. Freud concludes by tracing the program of what the [[ideal]] analytical training might involve (p. 246).
This [[work]] has had considerable influence on the debates that continue to this day on the "question of lay analysis" and the training of [[analysts]]. On the whole—though with noticeable variations from country to country—the International [[Psychoanalytical]] Association has adopted Freud's [[position]].
==See Also==
* [[Lay analysis]]
* [[Reik, Theodor]]
* [["'Wild' Psycho-Analysis.]]
==References==
<references/>
# [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1926e). Die Frage der Laienanalyse. Unterredungen mit einem Unparteiischen. Leipzig-[[Vienna]]-Zurich, Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag]]
* [[GW, 14: 207-286]]
* [[The question of lay analysis. SE, 20: 177-250.
# ——. (1927a). Nachwort zur Frage der Laienanalyse (1926e). Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, 13: 326-332]]
* [[GW, 14: 287-296]]
* [[Postscript: The question of lay analysis. SE, 20: 251-258.
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
