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{{Top}}[[chose]]{{Bottom}}  [[Lacan]]'s discussion of "[[Thing|the Thing]]" constitutes one of the central themes in the [[seminar]] of 1959-60 (''[[Seminars|L'éthique de la psychanalyse]]'' – "[[The Ethics of Psychoanalysis]]"), where he uses the [[French]] term ''[[Thing|la Chose]]’’ interchangeably with the [[German]] term ''[[Thing|das Ding]]''.  There are two main contexts in which this term operates.
[[Lacan]]'s [[discussion]] of the "[[Thing]]" constitutes one of the central themes in the [[seminar]] of 1959-60 (''[[Seminars|L'éthique de la psychanalyse]]'' – "[[The Ethics of Psychoanalysis]]"), where he uses the [[French]] term ''[[Thing|la chose]]'' interchangeably with the [[German]] term ''[[Thing|das Ding]]''. There are two main contexts in which this term operates.
==Word-Presentations and Thing-Presentations==
The first context is [[Freud]]'s [[distinction ]] between "[[Thing|word-presentations]]" (''[[Thing|Wort-vorstellungen]]'') and "[[Thing|thing-presentations]]" (''[[Thing|Sachvorstellungen]]''). The distinction is prominent in [[Freud]]'s metapsychological writings, in which he argues that the two types of presentation are bound together in the [[preconscious]]-[[conscious]] [[system]], whereas in the [[unconscious|unconscious system]] only [[thing-presentations]] are found.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Unconscious]]", 19l5e. [[SE]] XIV, 161</ref>
The distinction is prominent in This seemed to some of [[Lacan]]'s contemporaries to offer an objection to [[FreudLacan]]'s metapsychological writings, in which he argues that theories [[about]] the two types [[linguistic|linguistic nature]] of presentation the [[unconscious]]. [[Lacan]] counters such objections by pointing out that there are bound together two [[words]] in the [[preconsciousGerman]]-for "[[consciousthing]] system, whereas in the ": ''[[unconsciousThing|unconscious systemdas Ding]] only '' and ''[[thing-presentationsThing|die Sache]] are found''.<ref>{{FS7}} (19l5e) "The Unconscious"p. 62-3, 44-5</ref> It is the latter term which [[Freud]] usually employs to refer to the [[thing-presentations]] in the [[SEunconscious]] XIV, 161</ref>and [[Lacan]] argues that although on one level ''[[Thing|Sachvorstellungen]]'' and ''[[Thing|Wortvorstellungen]]'' are opposed, in the [[symbolic|symbolic level]] "they go together".
This seemed Thus ''[[Thing|die Sache]]’’ is the [[representation]] of a [[thing]] in the [[symbolic]] [[order]], as opposed to some ''[[thing|das Ding]]’’, which is the [[thing]] in its "dumb [[reality]]",<ref>{{S7}} p.55</ref> the [[thing]] in the [[real]], which is "the beyond-of -the-[[Lacansignified]]'s contemporaries to offer an objection to ."<ref>{{S7}} p.54</ref> The [[Lacanthing-presentation]]'s theories about found in the [[unconscious]] are thus still [[linguistics|linguisticphenomena]], as opposed to ''[[Thing|linguistic naturedas Ding]]'' which is entirely [[outside]] [[language]], and [[outside]] of the [[unconscious]].
[[Lacan]] counters such objections <blockquote>"The Thing is characterised by pointing out the fact that there are two words in it is [[Germanimpossible]] for us to imagine it."[[thing]]": ''[[Thing|das Ding]]'' and ''[[Thing|die Sache]]''.<ref>{{S7}} p.62-3, 44-5125</ref></blockquote>
It is the latter term which [[Freud]] usually employs to refer to the [[thing-presentations]] in the [[unconscious]], and [[Lacan]] argues that although on one level ''[[Thing|Sachvorstellungen]]'' and ''[[Thing|Wortvorstellungen]]'' are opposed, in the [[symbolic|symbolic level]] "they go together". Thus ''[[Thing|die Sache]]’’ is the representation of a [[thing]] in the [[symbolic]] [[order]], as opposed to ''[[thing|das Ding]]’’, which is the [[thing]] in its "dumb reality",<ref>{{S7}} p.55</ref> the [[thing]] in the [[real]], which is "the beyond-of-the-signified."<ref>{{S7}} p.54</ref> The [[thing-presentation]]s found in the [[unconscious]] are thus still [[linguistics|linguistic phenomena]], as opposed to ''[[Thing|das Ding]]'' which is entirely [[outside]] [[language]], and [[outside]] the [[unconsciousconcept]].  <blockquote>"The Thing is characterised by the fact that it is impossible for us to imagine it."<ref>{{S7}} p.12</ref></blockquote> [[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[Thing]] as an unknowable x, beyond [[symbolisation]], has clear affinities with the [[Kant]]ian "thing-[[in-itself]]".
==''Jouissance''==
The second context of is ''[[jouissance]]''.  As well as the [[object]] of [[language]], ''[[Thing|das Ding]]'' is the [[object ]] of [[desire]].   It is the [[castration|lost]] [[object]] which must be continually refound, it is the prehistoric, unforgettable [[Other]]<ref>{{S7}} p.53</ref> - in other words, the [[forbidden ]] [[object]] of [[incest]]uous [[desire]], the [[mother]].<ref>{{S7}} p.67</ref>  The [[pleasure principle]] is the [[law]] which maintains the [[subject]] at a certain distance from the [[Thing]],<ref>{{S7}} p.58, 63</ref> making the [[subject]] circle round it without ever attaining it.<ref>{{S7}} p.95</ref>
The [[Thing]] is thus presented to the [[subject]] as his Sovereign [[Good]], but if the [[subject]] transgresses the [[pleasure principle]] and attains this Good, it is experienced as [[suffering]]/evil,<ref>[[Lacan]] plays on the [[French]] term ''mal'', which can mean both suffering and [[evil]]; {{S7}} p.179</ref> because the [[subject]] "cannot stand the extreme good that ''[[Thing|das Ding]]'' may bring to him."<ref>{{S7}} p.73</ref>  It is fortunate, then, that the [[Thing]] is usually inaccessible.<ref>{{S7}} p.59</ref>
==''Objet petit a''==
 After the [[seminar]] of 1959-60, the term ''[[das Ding]]'' [[disappears ]] almost entirely from [[Lacan]]'s [[Work of Jacques Lacan|work]].   However, the [[ideas ]] associated with it provide the essential features of the new developments in the concept of the ''[[objet petit a]]'' as [[Lacan]] develops it from 1963 onwards.   For example the ''[[objet petit a]]'' is circled by the [[drive]]<ref>{{S11}} p.168</ref> and is seen as the [[cause]] of [[desire]] just as ''[[thing|das Ding]]'' is seen as "the cause of the most fundamental [[human ]] [[passion]]."<ref>{{S7}} p.97</ref>  Also, the fact that the [[Thing]] is not the [[imaginary]] [[object]] but firmly in the [[register]] of the [[real]], <ref>{{S2}} p.112</ref> and yet is "that which in the real suffers from the [[signifier]],"<ref>{{S7}} p.125</ref> anticipates the transition in [[Lacan]]'s [[thought ]] towards locating ''[[objet petit a]]'' increasingly in the [[register]] of the [[real]] from 1963 on.
==See Also==
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
 
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