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Truth

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truth (vÈritÈ) [[Truth ]] is one of the most central, and yet most [[complex]] [[terms]] in [[Lacan]]'s [[discourse]].
terms in Lacan's discourse==Psychoanalysis==The [[aim]] of [[psychoanalytic]] [[treatment]] is to lead the [[analysand]] to articulate the [[truth]] of his or her [[desire]]. A few basic points are clear and constant in
Lacan's concept [[Truth]] does not await, in some preformed [[state]] of truth; truth always refers fullness, to be revealed to truth about desirethe [[analysand]] by the [[analyst]], and but is rather constructed in the [[dialectic]]al movement of the[[treatment]] itself.<ref>{{Ec}} p.144</ref>
aim ==Philosophy==[[Lacan]] argues, in opposition to the traditions of psychoanalytic treatment classical [[philosophy]], that [[truth]] is not beautiful<ref>{{S7}} p.217</ref> and that it is not necessarily beneficial to lead learn the analysand to articulate this [[truth]].<ref>{{S17}} p.122</ref>
Truth does [[Lacan]] speaks [[about]] "[[truth]]" in the [[singular]], not awaitas a single [[universal]] [[truth]], in some preformed state of fullnessbut as [[particular]] [[truth]], unique to be revealed to theeach [[subject]].<ref>{{S7}} p.24</ref>
analysand by the analyst; on the contrary, it ==Language==[[Truth]] is gradually constructed only a meaningful [[concept]] in thecontext of [[language]]:
dialectical movement <blockquote>"It is with the appearance of [[language]] that the treatment itself (Ec, 144)[[dimension]] of [[truth]] emerges."<ref>{{E}} p. Lacan argues, in172</ref></blockquote>
oPposition to [[Psychoanalytic]] [[treatment]] is based on the fundamental premise that [[speech]] is the traditions only means of classical philosophy, that revealing the [[truth is not beautiful]] about [[desire]].
(S7, 217) and that it <blockquote>"[[Truth]] hollows its way into the [[real]] thanks to the dimension of [[speech]]. There is not necessarily beneficial neither [[true]] nor [[false]] prior to learn the truth (Sl7, 122)[[speech]]."<ref>{{S1}} p.228</ref></blockquote>
While ==Science==From [[Lacan always speaks about ]]'s earliest writings, the term "[[truth' in the singular]]" has metaphysical, even mystical, this is not a singlenuances which problematise any attempt to articulate [[truth]] and [[science]].
universal It is not that [[Lacan]] denies that [[science]] aims to [[know]] the [[truth]], but an absolutely particular simply that [[science]] cannot [[claim]] to monopolise [[truth, unique to each subject (see]] as its exclusive property.<ref>{{Ec}} p.79</ref>
S7, 24). However, beyond these few simple points, it [[Lacan]] later argues that [[science]] is impossible to give in fact based on aunivocal definition [[foreclosure]] of the way Lacan uses the term, since it functions inconcept of [[truth]] as [[cause]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.874</ref>
multiple contexts simultaneouslyThe concept of [[truth]] is essential for [[understanding]] [[madness]], in opposition to a wide variety and modern [[science]] renders [[madness]] meaningless by ignoring the concept of terrns[[truth]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.153-4</ref>
All that will be attempted here==Truth and Deception==[[Truth]] is intimately connected with [[deception]], therefore, is a general indication of some of since lies can often reveal the[[truth]] about [[desire]] more eloquently than honest statements.
contexts [[Deception]] and lies are not the opposite of [[truth]]: on the contrary, they are inscribed in which it functionsthe [[text]] of [[truth]].
The [[analyst]]'s [[role]] is to reveal the [[truth]] inscribed in the [[deception]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[speech]].
Although the [[analysand]] may in effect be saying to the [[analyst]] "I am deceiving you," the [[analyst]] says to the [[analysand]]:
e Truth versus exactitude Exactitude <blockquote>"In this I am deceiving to you, what you are sending as [[message]] is a question of 'introducing meawhat I express to you, and in doing so you are telling the truth.<ref>{{S11}} p.139-40; {{S4}} p.107-8)</ref></blockquote>
surement into ==False Appearances==The false [[appearance]]s presented by the [[analysand]] are not merely obstacles that the real' (E, 74), [[analyst]] must expose and constitutes discard in [[order]] to discover the aim of [[truth]]; on the exact sciencescontrary, the [[analyst]] must take [[them]] into account (see [[semblance]]).
Truth, however, concerns ==Error and Mistakes==[[Psychoanalysis]] has shown that the [[truth]] about [[desire, which ]] is not a matter for the exact sciencesoften revealed by mistakes ([[parapraxes]]).
but for The complex relations between [[truth]], mistakes, error and [[deception]] are evoked by [[Lacan]] in a typically elusive phrase when he describes "the sciences [[structuration]] of speech in [[search]] of subjectivitytruth" as "error taking flight in deception and recaptured by mistake. Therefore truth is only a meaningful"<ref>{{S1}} p. 273</ref>
concept ==Fiction==[[Lacan]] does not use the term "[[fiction]]" in the context [[sense]] of language: 'It is with a falsehood', but in the appearance sense of languagea [[scientific]] [[construct]].<ref>{{S7}} p.12</ref>
that the dimension of truth emergesThus [[Lacan]]'s term "[[fiction]]" corresponds to [[Freud]]'s term ''Konvention'' (E, 172)convention,<ref>{{S11}} p.163</ref> and has more in common with [[truth]] than falsehood. Psychoanalytic treatment is
based on the fundamental premise Indeed, [[Lacan]] states that speech [[truth]] is the only means of revealing[[structure]]d like a [[fiction]].<ref>{{E}} 306; {{Ec}} 808</ref>
the ==The Real==The opposition which [[Lacan]] draws between [[truth about desire. 'Truth hollows its way into ]] and the [[real thanks ]] dates back to thehis pre-war writings,<ref>{{Ec}} p.75</ref> and is taken up at various points;
dimension of speech<blockquote>"We are used to the real. There is neither true nor false prior to speech' (Sl, 228)The truth we [[repress]]."<ref>{{E}} p.169</ref></blockquote>
However, [[Lacan]] also points out that [[truth]] is similar to the [[real]]; it is [[impossible]] to articulate the [[whole]] [[truth]], and "[p]recisely because of this [[impossibility]], [[truth]] aspires to the real."<ref>{{TV}} p. 83</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Analysand]]
* [[Analyst]]
* [[Cause]]
* [[Desire]]
||
* [[Dialectic]]
* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Science]]
* [[Semblance]]
||
* [[Speech]]
* [[Structure]]
* [[Subject]]
* [[Treatment]]
{{Also}}
e Truth and scIENCE From Lacan's earliest writings, the term 'truth' has==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>
metaphysical, even mystical, nuances which problematise any attempt to__NOTOC__
articulate truth and science. It is not that Lacan denies that science aims to  know the truth, but simply that science cannot claim to monopolise truth as its  exclusive property (Ec, 79). Lacan later argues that science is in fact based on  a foreclosure of the concept of truth as cause (Ec, 874). The concept of truth is  essential for understanding madness, and modern science renders madness  meaningless by ignoring the concept of truth (Ec, 153-4).  e Truth, lies and deception Truth is intimately connected with deception,  since lies can often reveal the truth about desire more eloquently than honest  statements. Deception and lies are not the opposite of truth[[Category: on the contrary,  they are inscribed in the text of truth. The analyst's role is to reveal the truth  inscribed in the deception of the analysand's speech. Although the analysand  may in effect be saying to the analyst 'I am deceiving you', the analyst says to  the analysand 'In this I am deceiving to you, what you are sending as message  is what I express to you, and in doing so you are telling the truth' (S11,  139-40; see S4, 107-8).  e Truth versus false appearances The false appearances presented by the  analysand are not merely obstacles that the analyst must expose and discard in  order to discover the truth; on the contrary, the analyst must take them into  account (see SEMBLANCE).  e Truth, error and mistakes Psychoanalysis has shown that the truth]]  about desire is often revealed by mistakes (parapraxes; see AcT). The complex  relations between truth, mistakes, error and deception are evoked by [[Category:Jacques Lacan in a]][[Category:Linguistics]] typically elusive phrase when he describes 'the structuration of speech in[[Category:Dictionary]]  search of truth' as 'error taking flight in deception and recaptured by mis-  take' (Sl, 273).  e Truth and fiction Lacan does not use the term 'fiction' in the sense of 'a falsehood', but in the sense of a scientific construct (Lacan takes his cue here from Bentham - see S7, 12). Thus Lacan's term 'fiction' corresponds to Freud's term Konvention, convention (see S11, 163), and has more in com-  mon with truth than falsehood. Indeed, Lacan states that truth is structured like  a fiction (E, 306; Ec, 808).    , Truth and the REAL The opposition which Lacan draws between truth and the real dates back to his pre-war writings (e.g. Ec, 75), and is taken up at various points; 'We are used to the real. The truth we repress' (E, 169).  However, Lacan also points out that truth is similar to the real; it is impossible  to articulate the whole truth, and '[p[Category:Language]]recisely because of this impossibility, truth aspires to the real' (Lacan, 1973a[[Category: 83).     == References ==<references/>Symbolic]][[Category:LacanConcepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:ConceptsEdit]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]]{{OK}}
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