63-5, 141-3 Conversations{{Top}}vérité{{Bottom}}
[[Truth]] is one of the most central, and yet most [[complex]] [[terms]] in [[Lacan]]'s [[discourse]].
Truth (''vérité'') is one of the most central, and yet most complex terms in Lacan's discourse. A few basic points are clear and constant in Lacan's concept of truth; truth always refers to truth about desire, and the ==Psychoanalysis==The [[aim ]] of [[psychoanalytic ]] [[treatment ]] is to lead the [[analysand ]] to articulate this the [[truth]] of his or her [[desire]].
[[Truth ]] does not await, in some preformed [[state ]] of fullness, to be revealed to the [[analysand ]] by the [[analyst; on the contrary]], it but is gradually rather constructed in the dialectical [[dialectic]]al movement of the [[treatment ]] itself.<ref>{{Ec, }} p.144</ref>
==Philosophy==[[Lacan ]] argues, in opposition to the traditions of classical [[philosophy]], that [[truth ]] is not beautiful<ref>{{S7, }} p.217</ref> and that it is not necessarily beneficial to learn the [[truth]].<ref>Sl7, {{S17}} p.122</ref>
While [[Lacan always ]] speaks [[about ']] "[[truth' ]]" in the [[singular]], this is not as a single [[universal ]] [[truth]], but an absolutely as [[particular ]] [[truth]], unique to each [[subject]].<ref>see {{S7, }} p.24</ref>
==Language==
[[Truth]] is only a meaningful [[concept]] in the context of [[language]]:
However, beyond these few simple points, it <blockquote>"It is impossible to give a univocal definition with the appearance of [[language]] that the way Lacan uses the term, since it functions in multiple contexts simultaneously, in opposition to a wide variety [[dimension]] of terrns[[truth]] emerges."<ref>{{E}} p. 172</ref></blockquote>
All [[Psychoanalytic]] [[treatment]] is based on the fundamental premise that will be attempted here, therefore, [[speech]] is a general indication of some the only means of revealing the contexts in which it functions[[truth]] about [[desire]].
==<blockquote>"[[Truth versus exactitude==Exactitude is a question of 'introducing measurement ]] hollows its way into the [[real',]] thanks to the dimension of [[speech]]. There is neither [[true]] nor [[false]] prior to [[speech]]."<ref>E, 74{{S1}} p.228</ref> and constitutes the aim of the exact sciences.</blockquote>
Truth==Science==From [[Lacan]]'s earliest writings, howeverthe term "[[truth]]" has metaphysical, concerns desire even mystical, nuances which is not a matter for the exact sciences but for the sciences of subjectivityproblematise any attempt to articulate [[truth]] and [[science]].
Therefore truth is only a meaningful concept in the context of language: 'It is with not that [[Lacan]] denies that [[science]] aims to [[know]] the appearance of language [[truth]], but simply that the dimension of [[science]] cannot [[claim]] to monopolise [[truth emerges]] as its exclusive property.'<ref>E, 172{{Ec}} p.79</ref>
Psychoanalytic treatment [[Lacan]] later argues that [[science]] is in fact based on a [[foreclosure]] of the fundamental premise that speech is the only means concept of revealing the [[truth about desire]] as [[cause]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 874</ref>
'Truth hollows its way into the real thanks to The concept of [[truth]] is essential for [[understanding]] [[madness]], and modern [[science]] renders [[madness]] meaningless by ignoring the dimension concept of speech. There is neither true nor false prior to speech[[truth]].'<ref>Sl, 228{{Ec}} p.153-4</ref>
==Truth and Deception==
[[Truth]] is intimately connected with [[deception]], since lies can often reveal the [[truth]] about [[desire]] more eloquently than honest statements.
==Truth [[Deception]] and lies are not the opposite of [[Sciencetruth]]==From Lacan's earliest writings: on the contrary, they are inscribed in the term '[[text]] of [[truth' has metaphysical, even mystical, nuances which problematise any attempt to articulate truth and science]].
It The [[analyst]]'s [[role]] is not that Lacan denies that science aims to know reveal the [[truth, but simply that science cannot claim to monopolise truth as its exclusive property]] inscribed in the [[deception]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[speech]].<ref>Ec, 79</ref>
Lacan later argues that science is Although the [[analysand]] may in fact based on a foreclosure of effect be saying to the concept of truth as cause.<ref>Ec[[analyst]] "I am deceiving you, 874</ref> " the [[analyst]] says to the [[analysand]]:
The concept of truth <blockquote>"In this I am deceiving to you, what you are sending as [[message]] is essential for understanding madnesswhat I express to you, and modern science renders madness meaningless by ignoring in doing so you are telling the concept of truth.<ref>Ec, 153{{S11}} p.139-40; {{S4}} p.107-48)</ref></blockquote>
==Truth, lies and deceptionFalse Appearances==Truth is intimately connected with deceptionThe false [[appearance]]s presented by the [[analysand]] are not merely obstacles that the [[analyst]] must expose and discard in [[order]] to discover the [[truth]]; on the contrary, since lies can often reveal the truth about desire more eloquently than honest statements[[analyst]] must take [[them]] into account (see [[semblance]]).
Deception ==Error and lies are not Mistakes==[[Psychoanalysis]] has shown that the opposite of truth: on the contrary, they are inscribed in the text of [[truth]] about [[desire]] is often revealed by mistakes ([[parapraxes]]).
The analyst's role is to reveal the complex relations between [[truth inscribed ]], mistakes, error and [[deception]] are evoked by [[Lacan]] in a typically elusive phrase when he describes "the deception [[structuration]] of the analysand's speechin [[search]] of truth" as "error taking flight in deception and recaptured by mistake."<ref>{{S1}} p. 273</ref>
Although ==Fiction==[[Lacan]] does not use the analysand may term "[[fiction]]" in effect be saying to the analyst [[sense]] of 'I am deceiving you', the analyst says to the analysand a falsehood'In this I am deceiving to you, what you are sending as message is what I express to you, and but in doing so you are telling the truthsense of a [[scientific]] [[construct]].<ref>(S11,139-40; see S4, 107-8){{S7}} p.12</ref>
Thus [[Lacan]]'s term "[[fiction]]" corresponds to [[Freud]]'s term ''Konvention'', convention,<ref>{{S11}} p.163</ref> and has more in common with [[truth]] than falsehood.
==Truth versus false appearances==The false appearances presented by the analysand are not merely obstacles Indeed, [[Lacan]] states that the analyst must expose and discard in order to discover the [[truth; on the contrary, the analyst must take them into account (see ]] is [[structure]]d like a [[semblancefiction]]).<ref>{{E}} 306; {{Ec}} 808</ref>
==Truth, error and mistakesThe Real==Psychoanalysis has shown that the truthabout desire is often revealed by mistakes (parapraxes).<ref>see The opposition which [[ActLacan]]</ref> The complex relations draws between [[truth, mistakes, error ]] and deception are evoked by Lacan in a typically elusive phrase when he describes 'the structuration of speech in search of truth' as 'error taking flight in deception and recaptured by mistake.'[[real]] dates back to his pre-war writings,<ref>Sl, 273{{Ec}} p.75</ref>and is taken up at various points;
==Truth and fiction==Lacan does not use the term 'fiction' in the sense of 'a falsehood', but in the sense of a scientific construct (Lacan takes his cue here from Bentham).<refblockquote>see S7, 12</ref> Thus Lacan's term 'fiction' corresponds "We are used to Freud's term Konvention, convention,<ref>see S11, 163</ref> and has more in common with truth than falsehoodthe real. Indeed, Lacan states that The truth is structured like a fictionwe [[repress]]."<ref>{{E, 306; Ec, 808}} p.169</ref></blockquote>
==Truth and the real==The opposition which Lacan draws between truth and the real dates back to his pre-war writings,<ref>e.g. Ec, 75</ref> and is taken up at various points; 'We are used to the real. The truth we repress.'<ref>E, 169</ref>However, [[Lacan ]] also points out that [[truth ]] is similar to the [[real]]; it is [[impossible ]] to articulate the [[whole ]] [[truth]], and '"[p]recisely because of this [[impossibility]], [[truth ]] aspires to the real.'"<ref>Lacan, 1973a: {{TV}} p. 83</ref>==def==Sigmund Freud's notion of truth evolved from a factual conception into a relativistic method where the true and the false are defined both in relation to a conventional and bounded space (that of the cure) and the dynamic effects that "plausible" constructions might have on the psyche. Truth as an objective no longer remains "the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis" (1914g, pp. 147, 150). It inclines towards the notion of reality testing that demands that the subject partially abandon their illusions. Truth as an ideal is inseparable from...
==See Also=={{See}}* [[Analysand]]* [[Analyst]]* [[Cause]]* [[Desire]]||* [[Dialectic]]* [[Philosophy]]* [[Science]]* [[Semblance]]||* [[Speech]]* [[Structure]]* [[Subject]]* [[Treatment]]{{Also}} == References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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