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'''Wilhelm [[Fliess]]''' ([[1858]]–[[1928]]1858–1928) was a German [[otorhinolaryngology|otorhinolaryngologistGerman]] otorhinolaryngologist who practiced in Berlin. On Josef [[Josef Breuer]]'s [[suggestion]], he attended several conferences of [[Sigmund Freud]] in [[1887]] in [[Vienna]], and the two soon formed a strong [[friendship]]. Through their extensive correspondences and a series of personal meetings ("congresses" as [[Freud ]] described [[them]]), Fliess came to play an important part in the [[development ]] of [[psychoanalysis]].

Fliess developed several idiosyncratic theories, such as reflex nasal [[neuroses]], postulating a connection between the nose and the genitals, and vital periodicity, forerunner of the popular concepts of [[biorhythmconcepts]]s of biorhythms that never found [[scientific ]] favor [[outside ]] of [[psychoanalytic ]] circles, though [[others]], such as the [[idea ]] of [[innate bisexuality]], were incorporated into Freud's theories. Freud referred occasional [[patients ]] to him for [[treatment ]] of their [[neurosis ]] through anaesthetization of the nasal mucosa with [[cocaine]], and through nasal surgery. Together, Fliess and Freud developed a ''Project for a Scientific Psychology'', which was later abandoned. [[Emma EcksteinProject]] (1865-1924) had a particularly disastrous experience when Freud referred the then 27 year old analysand to Fliess for surgery to remove the [[turbinate bone]] from her [[nose]], ostensibly to cure her of premenstrual depression. Eckstein haemorrhaged profusely in the weeks following the procedure, almost to the point of death as infection set in. Freud consulted with another surgeon, who removed a piece of surgical gauze that Fliess had left behind<ref name="Monte">Monte Christopher F., Scientific [[1999Psychology]], ''Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of Personality (6th Edition)'', Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis: The Clinical Evidence. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Fort Worth TX.</ref>. Eckstein which was left permanently disfigured, with the left side of her face caved in. Despite this, she remained on very good terms with Freud for many years, becoming a psychoanalyst herselflater abandoned.

[[Emma Eckstein]] (1865-1924) had a particularly disastrous [[experience]] when Freud referred the then 27 year old [[analysand]] to Fliess also remained close friends with Freudfor surgery to remove the turbinate bone from her nose, ostensibly to [[cure]] her of premenstrual [[depression]]. He even predicted Freud's death Eckstein haemorrhaged profusely in the weeks following the procedure, almost to be near the age point of 51[[death]] as infection set in. Freud consulted with [[another]] surgeon, through one who removed a piece of his complicated bio-numerological theories (surgical gauze that Fliess had [[left]] behind.<ref [[name]]="critical period calculationsMonte")>Monte Christopher F. Their friendship, however did not last to see that prediction out1999, ''Beneath the Mask: in 1904 their friendship disintegrated due An Introduction to FliessTheories of [[Personality]] (6th Edition)''s belief that , Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud had given details - Psychoanalysis: The [[Clinical]] Evidence. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Fort Worth TX.</ref> Eckstein was left permanently disfigured, with the left side of a periodicity theory Fliess was developing to a plagiaristher face caved in. Incidentally Despite this, she remained on very [[good]] [[terms]] with Freud died at 83 for many years of age, becoming a [[psychoanalyst]] herself.

Fliess also remained close friends with Freud. He even predicted Freud ordered 's death to be near the age of 51, through one of his complicated bio-numerological theories ("critical period calculations"). Their friendship, however did not last to see that his correspondence with prediction out: in 1904 their friendship disintegrated due to Fliess be destroyed. It is known today only because 's [[belief]] that Freud had given details of a periodicity [[Marie Bonapartetheory]] bought their letters and refused Fliess was developing to permit their destructiona plagiarist. Incidentally Freud died at 83 years of age.

Interestingly Freud ordered that his correspondence with Fliess's son Robert later became an eminent psychoanalyst alsobe destroyed. It is known today only because [[Marie Bonaparte]] bought their letters and refused to permit their [[destruction]].

[[Category:German surgeons|Fliess, Wilhelm]][[category:1858 births|Fliess, Wilhelm]][[Category:1928 deaths|Fliess, WilhelmPeople]]