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'''Wilhelm [[Fliess]]''' (1858–1928) was a [[German ]] otorhinolaryngologist who practiced in Berlin. On Josef [[Breuer]]'s [[suggestion]], he attended several conferences of [[Sigmund Freud]] in 1887 in [[Vienna]], and the two soon formed a strong [[friendship]]. Through their extensive correspondences and a series of personal meetings ("congresses" as [[Freud ]] described [[them]]), Fliess came to play an important part in the [[development ]] of [[psychoanalysis]].

Fliess developed several idiosyncratic theories, such as reflex nasal [[neuroses]], postulating a connection between the nose and the genitals, and vital periodicity, forerunner of the popular [[concepts ]] of biorhythms that never found [[scientific ]] favor [[outside ]] of [[psychoanalytic ]] circles, though [[others]], such as the [[idea ]] of innate bisexuality, were incorporated into Freud's theories. Freud referred occasional [[patients ]] to him for [[treatment ]] of their [[neurosis ]] through anaesthetization of the nasal mucosa with [[cocaine]], and through nasal surgery. Together, Fliess and Freud developed a [[Project ]] for a Scientific [[Psychology]], which was later abandoned.

[[Emma Eckstein]] (1865-1924) had a particularly disastrous [[experience ]] when Freud referred the then 27 year old [[analysand ]] to Fliess for surgery to remove the turbinate bone from her nose, ostensibly to [[cure ]] her of premenstrual [[depression]]. Eckstein haemorrhaged profusely in the weeks following the procedure, almost to the point of [[death ]] as infection set in. Freud consulted with [[another ]] surgeon, who removed a piece of surgical gauze that Fliess had [[left ]] behind.<ref [[name]]="Monte">Monte Christopher F., 1999, ''Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of [[Personality ]] (6th Edition)'', Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis: The [[Clinical ]] Evidence. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Fort Worth TX.</ref> Eckstein was left permanently disfigured, with the left side of her face caved in. Despite this, she remained on very [[good ]] [[terms ]] with Freud for many years, becoming a [[psychoanalyst ]] herself.

Fliess also remained close friends with Freud. He even predicted Freud's death to be near the age of 51, through one of his complicated bio-numerological theories ("critical period calculations"). Their friendship, however did not last to see that prediction out: in 1904 their friendship disintegrated due to Fliess's [[belief ]] that Freud had given details of a periodicity [[theory ]] Fliess was developing to a plagiarist. Incidentally Freud died at 83 years of age.

Freud ordered that his correspondence with Fliess be destroyed. It is known today only because [[Marie Bonaparte ]] bought their letters and refused to permit their [[destruction]].