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'''Wilhelm Reich''' ([[March 24]], [[1897]]–[[November 3]], [[1957]]) was a [[Jewish]]-[[Austria]]n [[psychiatrist]], [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]], and [[author]], who was trained in [[Vienna]] by [[Sigmund Freud]].

In the [[1930]]s, Reich said he had discovered a [[physical ]] [[energy]], which he called "orgone," and which he said was contained in the atmosphere and in all [[living ]] matter. He developed instruments to detect and harness this energy, which he said could be used to treat illnesses like [[cancer]] or [[control ]] the weather. His views were not accepted by the mainstream [[scientific ]] [[community]].

His first book, ''[[Character ]] [[Analysis]]'', is still a major [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytical]] [[text]]. When his second book, ''The Mass [[Psychology ]] of Fascism'', was banned by the [[Nazis]] in 1933, and [[German ]] newspapers called him a [[communism|communist]] and a [[Jew]] who advocated [[free love]], Reich realized he was in [[danger ]] and [[left ]] Germany, first settling in [[Scandinavia]], then in 1939 in the [[United States]], where he continued his orgone research. In 1947, following a series of articles [[about ]] orgone in ''[[The New Republic]]'' and ''[[Harper's]]'', the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) began an investigation into Reich's claims about orgone [[therapy]], and won an injunction against its promotion as a medical [[treatment]]. Charged with contempt of court for violating the injunction, Reich conducted his own [[defense]], which involved sending the judge all his books to read. He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment.

In August 1956, several tons of his publications were [[Book burning|burned]] by the FDA. He died of heart failure in jail just over a year later, one day before he was due to apply for [[parole]].

Wilhelm Reich was [[born ]] in Dobrzanica, a village near [[Lemberg]] ([[Lviv]]), then part of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]], now in [[Ukraine]]. His [[parents]], Leon Reich, a prosperous farmer, and Cecilia Roniger, were [[Jew|Jewish]]. Shortly after his [[birth]], the [[family ]] moved south to a farm in Jujinetz, near [[Chernivtsi]], [[Bukovina]]. He attributed his later interest in the study of sex and the [[biological ]] basis of the emotions to his upbringing on his [[father]]'s farm where, as he later put it, the "[[natural ]] life functions" were never hidden from him. He was taught at home until he was 13 when his [[mother ]] committed [[suicide ]] after [[being ]] discovered having an affair with Reich's tutor. [http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/biography.html]Reich had to flee his home shortly after his father's death in 1914, when the [[Russia|Russian]] [[army ]] invaded. In his ''[[Passion ]] of Youth'', he wrote: "I never saw either my homeland or my possessions again. Of a well-to-do [[past]], [[nothing ]] was left."

He joined the Austrian Army, serving from 1915-18, for the last two years as a [[lieutenant]]. In 1918, when the war ended, he entered the medical [[school ]] at the [[University of Vienna]]. As an undergraduate, he was drawn to the [[work ]] of [[Sigmund Freud]], who became aware of Reich's work in 1919 when Reich organized a [[seminar ]] on [[sexology]]. Reich was accepted for membership of the Vienna [[Psychoanalytic ]] [[Association ]] in October 1920 at the age of 23. According to the Wilhelm Reich Museum's biography, he was allowed to [[complete ]] his six-year medical degree in four years because he was a war veteran, and received his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] in July 1922. [http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/biography.html] He worked in Internal Medicine at University Hospital, Vienna, and studied neuropsychiatry from 1922-24 at the Neurological and Psychiatric Clinic under Professor [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg|Wagner-Jauregg]], who received the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Medicine]] in 1927.

In 1922, Reich set up private [[practice ]] as a [[psychoanalyst]], and became first [[clinical ]] assistant, and later vice-director, at [[Freud]]'s Polyanalytic Polyclinic. He joined the faculty of the Psychoanalytic Institute in Vienna in 1924, and conducted research into the [[social ]] causes of [[neurosis]]. It was at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association that Reich met Annie Pink, a fellow [[analyst]]-in-[[training]]. They [[married]], and had their first daughter, Eva, in 1924 and a second daughter in 1928, but Reich was unable to control his interest in [[other ]] [[women]]. The [[marriage ]] was not a happy one, and did not last.

Reich developed a [[theory ]] that the ability to feel [[sexual ]] [[love ]] depended on a physical ability to make love with what he called "orgastic potency." He attempted to "measure" the [[male ]] [[orgasm]], noting that four distinct phases occurred physiologically: first, the [[psycho]]-sexual build-up or tension; second, the [[tumescence]] of the [[penis]], with an accompanying "charge," which Reich measured [[Electricity|electrically]]; [[third]], an electrical [[discharge ]] at the [[moment ]] of orgasm, and fourth, the relaxation of the penis. He believed the force that he measured was a distinct type of [[energy]] [[present ]] in all [[lifeform|life forms]]. He called it "orgone." [http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/Wilhelm%20Reich%20Scientific%20Genius%20or%20Medical%20Madman.html]

He was a prolific writer for psychoanalytic journals in [[Europe]], and his book ''[[Character Analysis]]'' brought forth a small [[revolution ]] in the practice of [[psychoanalysis ]] itself, and is still used today as a textbook for analytically-oriented classes in medical [[schools]]. Originally psychoanalysis was focused on the treatment of [[neurotic ]] [[symptoms]]. ''Character Analysis'' was a major step in the [[development ]] of what today would be called ''[[ego psychology]]''. In Reich's view a person's entire character (or [[personality]]), not only [[individual ]] symptoms, could be looked at and treated as a neurotic phenomenon. The book also introduced Reich's theory of "[[body ]] armoring." He argued that unreleased psycho-sexual energy could produce actual physical blocks within [[muscle]]s and [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]], and that these act as a "body armor," preventing the release of the energy. An orgasm was one way to break through the armor. These [[ideas ]] developed into a general theory of the importance of a healthy [[Human sexual behavior|sex life]] to overall well-being, a theory compatible with Freud's views.

Reich agreed with Freud that sexual development was the origin of [[mental ]] disorder. They both believed that most [[psychological ]] states were dictated by [[unconscious]] [[processes]]; that [[infant ]] [[sexuality ]] develops early but is [[repressed]], and that this has important consequences for [[mental health]]. They were both [[Atheism|atheists]], believing that [[morality]] is a [[repression ]] of the sexuality of individuals imposed on [[them ]] as they move from [[childhood ]] to maturity. At that [[time ]] a [[Marxism|Marxist]], Reich argued that the source of sexual repression was [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] morality and the socioeconomic [[structures ]] that produced it. As sexual repression was the [[cause ]] of the [[Neurosis|neuroses]], the best [[cure ]] would be to have an [[active]], [[guilt]]-free sex life. He argued that such a liberation could come about only through a morality not imposed by a repressive [[economic ]] [[structure]]. [http://www.marxist.com/scienceandtech/psychoanalysis_reich.htm] In [[1928]], he joined the Austrian Communist Party and founded the ''Socialist Association for Sexual Counselling and Research'', which organized counselling centers for [[workers]]—in contrast to Freud, who was perceived as treating only the [[bourgeoisie]].

Reich employed a unique therapeutic method. He used touch (similar to deep tissue massage) to accompany the talking approach, taking an physically active [[role ]] in sessions, [[feeling ]] his [[patients]]' chests to check and increase their breathing ability, repositioning their bodies, and sometimes requiring them to remove their clothes, so that men were treated wearing shorts and women in bra and panties (gym clothes or bathing suits). These methods, which caused a [[split ]] between Reich and the rest of the psychoanalytic community [http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/Wilhelm%20Reich%20Scientific%20Genius%20or%20Medical%20Madman.html], were necessary to reduce the armor in the patient's musculature and increase their ability to tolerate a healthy energy flow in their body. This therapy could lead to authentic emotional breakthroughs for the patient that were felt not only in the mind, but in the body as well.

In 1930, he moved his practice to [[Berlin]] and joined the [[Communist Party of Germany]], becoming its spokesman. His best-known book, ''The Sexual Revolution'', was published at this time in Vienna. Advocating free [[contraceptive]]s and [[abortion]] on [[demand]], he again set up clinics in [[working]]-[[class ]] areas and taught [[sex education]], but eventually became too outspoken even for the [[communist]]s, and he was expelled from the party in 1933.

In the same year, ''[[The Mass Psychology of Fascism]]'' was published, in which Reich categorized [[fascism]] as a [[symptom ]] of sexual repression. The book was banned by the [[Nazis]] when they came to [[power]]. Reich was expelled from the International Psychological Association in 1934 for [[political ]] militancy. German newspapers started attacking him as a womanizer, a communist, and a Jew who advocated free love. He realized he was in danger and hurriedly left [[Germany]] disguised as a tourist on a ski trip to Austria. He spent some years in [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]], and [[Norway]], before leaving for the [[United States|U.S.]] in 1939.

From 1934-37, based for most of the period in [[Oslo]], Reich conducted experiments seeking the origins of life. He examined [[protozoa]], single-celled organisms with nuclei that, like animals, display mobility and [[Heterotroph|heterotrophy]], [[meaning ]] they require [[organic ]] matter to obtain [[carbon]] for growth. He grew cultured [[Vesicle (biology)|vesicles]] using [[grass]], beach [[sand]], [[iron]], and [[animal ]] tissue, boiling them, adding [[potassium]] and [[gelatin]]. Having heated the [[materials ]] to [[incandescence]] with a heat-torch, he noted bright, glowing, blue vesicles, which, he claimed, could be cultured, and which gave off an observable radiant energy, which he called orgone. He named the vesicles "bions" and believed they were a rudimentary [[form ]] of [[life]], or halfway between life and non-life. When he poured the cooled mixture onto growth [[media]], [[bacteria]]l colonies appeared. Based on his own control experiments as well as his inability to [[culture ]] similar germs directly from the air, Reich dismissed the [[idea ]] that the bacteria were already present in the air, or in the sand and other materials he used. Reich's ''The Bion Experiments on the Origin of Life'' was published in Oslo in 1938, leading to attacks in the press that he was a "Jew pornographer" who was daring to meddle with the origins of life. [http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/Wilhelm%20Reich%20Scientific%20Genius%20or%20Medical%20Madman.html]

This idea led Reich to believe he had found the cause of [[cancer]]. He called the life-destroying organisms "T-bacill," with the T standing for ''Tod'', German for [[death]]. He described in ''The Cancer Biopathy'' how he had found them in a culture of rotting cancerous tissue obtained from a local hospital. He wrote that T-bacilli were formed from the disintegration of [[protein]]. He claimed they were 0.2 to 0.5 micrometre in length, shaped like lancets, and when injected into [[Mouse|mice]], they caused inflammation and cancer. He concluded that when orgone energy diminishes in cells, through aging or [[injury]], the cells undergo "bionous degeneration" or death. At some point, the deadly T-bacilli start to form in the cells. Death from cancer, he believed, was caused by an overwhelming growth of the T-bacilli.

It was during this period, according to some researchers, that Reich appeared to suffer a breakdown. They say that he became [[paranoid]] and revised parts of his earlier works to remove references to [[Marxist ]] theory. [http://www.marxist.com/scienceandtech/psychoanalysis_reich.htm] Reich's defenders say that Reich's revisions were minor, confined only to the English-speaking American period of his work, and were primarily sexological, clinical, or scientific in nature. Reich was one of the first of the European socialists to break ranks completely with the Communist Party; for example, in his book ''Mass Psychology of Fascism'', which he wrote after a trip to Russia, he identified communism as "Red Fascism". His defenders say that the charge of paranoia is intended to discredit Reich's critique of Marxism. American writer Jim Martin alleges that many of those who have attacked Reich's biophysical research—on the orgone accumulator, for example—are themselves leftist and Marxist (Martin 2000).

In 1940, Reich built boxes — orgone accumulators — to concentrate orgone energy in the atmosphere, some for lab animals, and some large enough for a human being to sit inside. He now believed orgone was a type of ''primordial cosmic energy'', blue in color, which he claimed was [[omnipresent]] and [[responsible ]] for such things as [[weather]], the color of the [[sky]], [[gravity]], the [[formation ]] of [[galaxy|galaxies]], and the biological expressions of [[emotion ]] and sexuality. Composed of alternating layers of ferrous metals and insulators with a high-dielectrical constant, his orgone accumulators had the [[appearance ]] of a large hollow "[[capacitor]]". He believed that sitting [[inside ]] the box might provide a treatment for cancer and other illnesses. It was the [[construction ]] of these boxes that caught the attention of the press, and wild rumors spread that they were "sex boxes" which caused uncontrollable erections. [http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/Wilhelm%20Reich%20Scientific%20Genius%20or%20Medical%20Madman.html]

According to his theory, [[illness ]] was primarily caused by depletion or blockages of the orgone energy within the body. He conducted clinical tests of the orgone accumulator on [[people ]] [[suffering ]] from a variety of illnesses. The [[patient ]] would sit within the accumulator and absorb the "concentrated orgone energy". He built smaller, more portable accumulator-blankets of the same layered construction for application to parts of the body. The effects observed were claimed to boost the [[immune system]], even to the point of destroying certain types of tumors, though Reich was hesitant to [[claim ]] this constituted a "cure." The orgone accumulator was also tested on mice with cancer, and on plant-growth, the results convincing Reich that the benefits of orgone therapy could not be attributed to a [[placebo effect]]. He had, he believed, developed a grand [[unified ]] theory of physical and mental health. [http://www.mdpsych.org/SU01_gKlee.htm]

In 1940, Reich wrote to [[Albert Einstein]] saying he had a scientific discovery he wanted to discuss, and on [[January 13]], [[1941]], he went to visit [[Einstein ]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]]. They talked for five hours, <!--source?-->and Einstein agreed to [[test ]] an orgone accumulator, which Reich had made out of a [[Faraday cage]] made of galvanized steel and insulated by wood and paper on the [[outside]]. Einstein agreed with Reich that if, as Reich suggested, an [[object]]'s temperature could be raised without an [[apparent ]] heating source, it would be "a bomb" in [[physics]]. <!--re: "a bomb" - whose [[words ]] are these?-> (Brian, D. 326).<!--[[needs ]] year of publication-->

Reich supplied the device during their second meeting, and Einstein performed the experiment in his basement, which involved taking the temperature atop, inside, and near the device. He also stripped the device down to its Faraday cage to compare temperatures. Over the course of a week, in both cases, Einstein observed a rise in temperature, and confirmed Reich's finding in a published [[letter]]. <!--a letter to Reich?-->Since Einstein could offer no explanation for the finding, Reich concluded that the heat was the result of a novel form of energy&mdash;orgone energy&mdash;that had accumulated inside the Faraday cage. However, one of Einstein's colleagues at [[University of Princeton|Princeton]], the [[Poland|Polish]] physicist [[Leopold Infeld]], [[interpreted ]] the phenomenon as resulting from thermal [[convection]] currents, though he failed to provide an experimental demonstration of his contention. Einstein concurred that the experiment could be explained by convection.

Over the next [[three ]] years of correspondence, Reich and Einstein disagreed on the [[interpretation ]] of the experiment. The entire correspondence between Reich and Einstein was published by Reich's press as ''The Einstein Affair'' in 1953. In 2001, the Canadian researchers Paulo Correa and Alexandra Correa reproduced the experiment and introduced controls that they say rule out the possibility of convection as an explanation. A similar experiment was independently carried out by the alternative energy activist and journalist [[Eugene Mallove]].

In [[1947]], Reich was attacked in ''[[The New Republic]]'' and ''[[Harper's]]'' in a series of articles written by Mildred Brady, a freelance writer. Jim Martin writes that Michael Straight, a former member of the [[Cambridge Apostles]] and friend of some of those involved in the [[Cambridge Five|Soviet-Cambridge spy ring]], was the publisher of the Brady articles, and that the attack on Reich may have been prompted by Reich's turning his back on [[Marxism]] (Martin, 2000). The articles triggered an investigation of Reich by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), who believed he was peddling a [[quack ]] cancer cure. Reich had already been investigated by the [[FBI]] because he was an [[immigrant ]] with a communist background. According to an [[FBI]] press release dated [[February 25]], [[2000]]:

<blockquote>This German immigrant described himself as the Associate Professor of Medical Psychology, Director of the Orgone Institute, President and research physician of the Wilhelm Reich Foundation, and discoverer of biological or life energy. A 1940 security investigation was begun to determine the extent of Reich's communist commitments. In 1947, a security investigation concluded that neither the Orgone [[Project ]] nor any of its staff were engaged in subversive activities or were in violation of any statute within the jurisdiction of the FBI. [http://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel00/foia022500.htm] </blockquote>

Though cleared of suspicion of subversive activities, the FDA investigation continued. On [[February 10]], [[1954]], acting on allegations in the Brady articles, they filed a complaint seeking a permanent [[injunction]] under the Federal ''Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act'' to prevent interstate shipment of orgone-therapy equipment and [[literature]]. [http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr40210a.htm] Reich refused to appear in court, apparently believing that no court was in a position to evaluate his work. On February 25, he wrote to Judge Clifford:

In May 1956, Reich was arrested for technical violation of the injunction when an associate moved some orgone-therapy equipment across a state line, and Reich was charged with [[contempt of court]]. Once again, he refused to arrange a [[legal ]] defense. He was brought in chains to the courthouse in [[Portland, Maine|Portland]], [[Maine]]. Representing himself, he admitted to having violated the injunction and arranged for the judge to be sent copies of his books. He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment.

<blockquote>Because he viewed himself as a historical [[figure]], he was making a historical point, and to make that point he had conducted the trial that way. If I had been in his shoes, I would have wanted to escape jail, I would have wanted to be free, etc. I would have conducted the trial on a strictly legal basis because the lawyers had said, "We can win this [[case ]] for you. Their case is so weak, so when you let us do our [[thing ]] we can get you off." But he wouldn't do it. [http://www.orgonomicscience.org/memories/trial.html]</blockquote>

Not one [[psychiatric ]] or established scientific journal carried an [[obituary]]. ''Time Magazine'' noted:

<blockquote>Died. Wilhelm Reich, 60, once-famed psychoanalyst, associate, and follower of Sigmund Freud, founder of the Wilhelm Reich Foundation, lately better known for unorthodox sex and energy theories; of a heart attack in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, Pa; where he was serving a two-year term for distributing his invention, the "orgone energy accumulator" (in violation of the Food and Drug Act), a telephone-booth-size device which supposedly gathered energy from the atmosphere, and could cure, while the patient sat inside, common colds, cancer and [[impotence]].</blockquote>

[[William Steig]], [[Norman Mailer]], [[William S. Burroughs]], and [[Orson Bean]] have all undergone Reich's orgone therapy (Sharaf 1983, p. 5, pp. 346–347; Bean, 1971). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Reich's ideas on social and sexual [[freedom ]] enjoyed a revival and most of his books were reprinted and widely read, including by the loosely defined "[[New Left]]" and students' movements in Europe and the U.S., though often with considerable [[distortion ]] of his ideas.

His psychology influence is most strongly felt in [[Body Psychotherapy]]. He was a forerunner of several body-oriented, emotions-based psychotherapies, influencing [[Fritz Perls]]' [[Gestalt therapy]] and [[Arthur Janov]]'s [[primal therapy]]. See also [[Neo-Reichian massage]]. His pupil [[Alexander Lowen]], the founder of [[bioenergetic analysis]], Charles Kelley, the founder of Radix Therapy, and [[James ]] DeMeo of the Orgone Biophysical Research Laboratory [http://www.orgonelab.org] ensure that his research receives widespread attention. Many practising psychoanalysts give credence to his theory of character, and his book ''Character Analysis'' is still used as a textbook. The American College of Orgonomy [http://www.orgonomy.org], originally led by Dr. Elsworth Baker, and the Institute for Orgonomic [[Science ]] [http://www.orgonomicscience.org] led by Dr. Morton Herskowitz, still use Reich's original therapeutic methods. Research into Reich's biophysics continues, by scientists working in a small number of private institutions mostly in the USA and Europe.

Reich's life and work continue to influence popular culture, with references to orgone and cloudbusting found in songs by [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]], [[Hawkwind]], [[Pop Will Eat Itself]], [[Turbonegro]] and [[Patti Smith]]. [[Kate Bush]]'s song, "Cloudbusting," [http://children.ofthenight.org/cloudbusting/cloudbusting.html] describes Reich's arrest and incarceration through the eyes of Reich's son, Peter, who wrote his father's story in ''A Book of Dreams'', published in 1973. This book was also referenced by [[Suzanne Vega]] in an eponymous song from her 1990 album "Days of Open Hand". [[Frank Zappa]] was also influenced by Reich's work. The [[philosopher ]] and science [[fiction ]] author [[Robert Anton Wilson]] wrote a play, ''[[Wilhelm Reich in Hell]]'', based on his life. A [[film ]] about Reich's [[teachings ]] (or, by the opinion of Reich's supporters, a porno film completely distorting his clinical sexological findings) called ''[[W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism]]'' was made in 1971 by [[Yugoslavia]]n director [[Dusan Makavejev]].

'''[[English]]-[[language ]] books by Reich:'''

* ''The Bioelectrical Investigation of Sexuality and [[Anxiety]]''

* ''[[Children ]] of the [[Future]]: On the Prevention of Sexual [[Pathology]]''* ''Contact With [[Space]]: Oranur Second Report''* ''Cosmic Superimposition: Man's Orgonotic Roots in [[Nature]]''

* ''Genitality in the Theory and Therapy of [[Neuroses]]''

* ''The [[Murder ]] of [[Christ ]] (Emotional Plague of Mankind, Vol.2)''

* ''Record of a [[Friendship]]: The Correspondence of Wilhelm Reich and A.S. Neill (1936-1957)''

* Boadella, David (Ed.): ''In The Wake Of Reich'', Coventure, [[London]], 1976.

* ___________________ "The New Cult of Sex and [[Anarchy]]," ''Harper's,'' April 1947.

* DeMeo, James & Senf, Bernd (Eds.): Nach Reich: Neue Forschungen zur Orgonomie: Sexualokonomie, Die Entdeckung Der Orgonenergie (After Reich: New Research in Orgonomy: Sex-[[Economy]], Discovery of the Orgone Energy), Zweitausendeins Verlag, Frankfurt, 1998.

* Hoppe, Walter: ''Wilhelm Reich Und Andere Grosse Manner Der [[Wissenschaft ]] Im Kampf Mit Dem Irrationalismus'' (''Wilhelm Reich and Other Great Men of Science in the Battle Against Irrationalism''), Verlag Kurt Nane Jurgensen, Munich, 1985.

* Mann, Edward: Orgone, ''Reich And [[Eros]]: Wilhelm Reich's Theory Of The Life Energy'', Simon & Schuster, NY, 1973.* Mann, Edward & Hoffman, Ed: ''The Man Who Dreamed Of Tomorrow: A [[Conceptual ]] Biography Of Wilhelm Reich'', J.P. Tarcher, 1980.* Martin, Jim: ''Wilhelm Reich and the [[Cold War]]'', Flatland Books, Mendocino, CA, 2000.* Meyerowitz, [[Jacob]]: ''Before the Beginning of Time'', rRp Publishers, Easton, PA 1994.

* Reich, Peter: ''A Book Of [[Dreams]]'', Harper & Row, NY, 1973.* Ritter, [[Paul]], Ed.: ''Wilhelm Reich Memorial Volume'', Ritter Press, Nottingham, England, 1958.

*Correa PN & Correa AN (2001) "The reproducible thermal anomaly of the Reich-Einstein experiment under [[limit ]] [[conditions]]", Infinite Energy, 37:12.

*Mallove, E (2001) "Breaking Through: Aether Science and [[Technology]]", Infinite Energy, 39:6.

**Ronald W. Clark, ''Einstein: The Life and [[Times]]'', New York: Avon, 1971, ISBN 038001159X Reich on pages 689-90 paperback edition.

*[http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliog.htm Bibliography on Orgonomy], a [[full ]] listing of scholarly works on Wilhelm Reich

*[http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliog.htm On-Line Bibliography on Orgonomy] (Includes [[list ]] of [http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliogDISS.htm University Theses and Dissertations focused on Reich's work])

Reich, Wilhelm, 101, 109 [[Ecrits]]

Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian physician and psychoanalyst. He was born March 27, 1897, in Dobrzcynica, a part of Galicia belonging to the Austro-Hungarian [[Empire]], now a part of [[Poland]]. He died November 3, 1957, at the Lewisburg penitentiary in Connecticut. Reich's parents were assimilated middle-class [[Jews]], who had emigrated after his birth to Jujinetz, in the Ukrainian region of Austria-Hungary. His father owned an extensive tract of land, on which he raised cattle. Two teachers were responsible for the young Reich's education. At the age of...