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Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan was born in Paris on April 13 1901 to a family of solid Catholic tradition, and was educated at a Jesuit school. After completing his baccalauréat he commenced studying medicine and later psychiatry. In 1927, Lacan commenced clinical training and began to work at psychiatric institutions, meeting and working with (amongst others) the famous psychiatrist Clerambault. His doctoral thesis, on paranoid psychosis, was passed in 1932. In 1934, he became a member of La Societe Psychoanalytique de Paris (SPP), and commenced an analysis lasting until the outbreak of the war. During the Nazi occupation of France, Lacan ceased all official professional activity in protest against those he called "the enemies of human kind". Following the war, he rejoined the SPP, and it was in the post-war period that he rose to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community, eventually banned in 1962 from the International Psychoanalytic Association for his unorthodox views on the calling and practice of psychoanalysis. Lacan's career as both a theoretician and practicioner did not end with this excommunication, however. In 1963, he founded L'Ecole Freudienne de Paris (E.F.P.), a school devoted to the training of analysts and the practicing of psychoanalysis according to Lacanian stipulations. In 1980, having single-handedly dissolved the EFP, he then constituted the Ecole for "La Cause Freudienne", saying: “It is up to you to be Lacanians if you wish; I am Freudian”. Lacan died in Paris on September 9, 1981. Intellectual Biography Lacan's first major theoretical publication was his piece "On the Mirror Stage as Formative of the I". This piece originally appeared in 1936. Its publication was followed by an extended period wherein he published little. In 1949, though, it was re-presented to wider recognition. In 1953, on the back of the success of his Rome dissertation to the SPP on "The Function and Field of Speech in Psychoanalysis", Lacan then inaugurated the seminar series that he was to continue to convene annually (albeit in different institutional guises) until his death. It was in this forum that he developed and ceaselessly revised the ideas with which his name has become associated. Although Lacan was famously ambivalent about publication, the seminars were transcribed by various of his followers, and several have been translated into English. Lacan published a selection of his most important essays in 1966 in the collection Ecrits. An abridged version of this text is available in an English-language edition. (see Bibliography). Theoretical Project Lacan's avowed theoretical intention, from at least 1953, was the attempt to reformalise what he termed 'the Freudian field’. His substantial corpus of writings, speeches and seminars can be read as an attempt to unify and reground what are the four interlinking aspirations of Freud's theoretical writings: (1.) a theorisation of psychoanalytic practice as a curative procedure; (2.) the generation of a systematic metapsychology capable of providing the basis for (3.) the formalisation of a diagnostic heuristic of mental illness; and (4.) the construction of an account of the individual and specie-al development of the 'civilised' human psyche. Lacan brought to this project, however, a keen knowledge of the latest developments in the human sciences, drawing especially on structuralist linguistics, the structural anthropology of Claude Levi-Strauss, topology, and game theory. Moreover, as Derrida has remarked, Lacan's work is characterised by an engagement with modern philosophy (notably Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Heidegger and Sartre) unmatched by other psychoanalytic theorists, especially informed by his attendance at Andre Kojeve's hugely influential Paris lectures on Hegel from 1933-1939.
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| birth_date              = [[13 April]] [[1901]]
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[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.
  
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:1. [[Jacques Lacan#Biography|Biography]]
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:2. [[Jacques Lacan#Theory|Theory]]
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:3. [[Jacques Lacan#Practice|Practice]]
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:4. [[Jacques Lacan#Bibliography|Bibliography]]
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:5. [[Jacques Lacan#See Also|See Also]]
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:6. [[Jacques Lacan#References|References]]
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==Biography==
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'''Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan''' ([[April 13]], [[1901]] &ndash; [[September 9]], [[1981]]) was a [[France|French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]]. His work, like most psychoanalytic work, owes a heavy, explicit debt to [[Sigmund Freud]], but also drew from a number of other fields, including linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics. This interdisciplinary focus in his work has led him to be an important figure in many fields beyond psychoanalysis - particularly within [[critical theory]].
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<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here for a more complete chronology of '''Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''</blockquote>
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;1901
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His central idea was that the human subject is a creation of its use of language. From this understanding Lacan develops his study of psychoanalysis and his treatment strategies. His work, while controversial, continues to influence the development of psychoanalysis worldwide. In France and elsewhere various "schools" of Lacanian thought have emerged.  
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:13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[born]] in Paris, to a [[family]] of solid [[Catholic]] [[tradition]].  He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school.  After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[medicine]] and later [[psychiatry]].
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;1927
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Although there exist various competing emphases on Lacan's work among these "schools", all agree in the fundamental importance of the unconscious. By structuring the options available to any speaking subject in the articulation of his or her desires, the unconscious determines the very fabric of human life as we may come to know it, according to Lacan.
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: Starts clinical [[training]], works at [[Sainte-Anne's hospital]]. A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where [[Clérambault]] had a [[practice]].
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;1932
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==Career==
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:Awarded doctorate for his [[thesis]], ''[[De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]''.
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Lacan took up the study of medicine in 1920 and specialised in psychiatry from 1926. He undertook his own analysis around this time with [[Rudolph Loewenstein]] and this continued until 1938. Lacan was very active in the world of Parisian writers, artists and intellectuals of the time: he was a friend of [[André Breton]], [[Salvador Dalí]] and [[Picasso]]{{fact}}, and attended the ''mouvement Psyché'' founded by [[Maryse Choisy]]. He made contributions to several Surrealist publications and was present at the first public reading of [[James Joyce]]’s ''[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]''. In his studies he had a particular interest in the philosophic work of [[Karl Jaspers]] and [[Martin Heidegger]] and, alongside many other Parisian intellectuals of the time, he also attended the famous seminars on [[Hegel]] given by [[Alexandre Kojève]].  
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;1933
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:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[analysis]] of the [[case]] of [[Aimée]], makes him famous with the [[Surrealist]]s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[Kojève]]'s course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[Etudes]], an "Introduction to the [[reading]] of [[Hegel]]."
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Lacan presented his first analytic paper on ‘The Mirror Phase’ at the 1936 Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association in Marienbad. He was called up to serve in the French army after the German occupation of France and was posted to the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris. After the end of the war Lacan visited England for a five week study trip, meeting English analysts [[Wilfred Bion]] and John Rickman. He was much influenced by Bion’s analytic work with groups and this contributed to his own later emphasis on study groups (in France, cartels) as a structure with which to advance theoretical work in psychoanalysis.  
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;1934
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:He [[marries]] [[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, [[mother]] of [[Caroline]], [[Thibaut]] and [[Sibylle]].  While in analysis with Rudolph [[Loewenstein]], Lacan becomes a member of the ''[[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]]]'' ([[Société psychanalytique de Paris|SPP]]).
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In 1951 Lacan started to hold a weekly seminar at the St-Anne Hospital Paris, urging what he described as ‘a return to Freud’ and, in particular, to Freud’s concentration upon the linguistic nature of psychological symptomatology. Very influential in Parisian cultural life as well as in psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice, the seminars drew large crowds and continued for nearly thirty years.
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;1940
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:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris.  During the [[German]] Occupation, he does not take part in any [[official]] [[activity]].
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Lacan was a member of the Société Parisienne de Psychanalyse (SPP), which was a member body of the [[International Psychoanalytical Association]] (IPA). In 1953, after a disagreement about analytic practice methods, Lacan and many of his colleagues left the SPP to form a new group the [[Société Française de Psychanalyse]] (SFP). One of the consequences of this move was to deprive the new group of membership within the IPA. In the following years a complex process of negotiation was to take place to determine the status of the SFP within the IPA. Lacan’s practice, with his controversial innovation of variable-length sessions, and the critical stance he took towards much of the accepted orthodoxy of psychoanalytic theory and practice led, in 1963, to a condition being set by the IPA that the registration of the SFP was dependent upon Lacan being removed from the list of training analysts with the organisation. Lacan refused such a condition and left the SFP to form his own school which became know as the [[École Freudienne de Paris]] (EFP). Leaving the St-Anne Hospital where he had delivered his seminar up to this point Lacan began to give it instead at the elite higher education establishment the [[École Normale Supérieure]]. Lacan began to set forth his own teaching on psychoanalysis to an audience of colleagues who had joined him from the SFP. His lectures also attracted many of the École Normale’s students.
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;1946
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:In 1946, the [[SPP]] resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[analyses]] and supervisory [[control]] and plays an important [[theoretical]] and institutional [[role]].
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Many students of Lacan became important psychoanalysts and/or wrote influential contributions to philosophy and other fields. [[Michel Foucault]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Louis Althusser]], [[Jacques-Alain Miller]], [[Luce Irigaray]], [[Jean Laplanche]], and even [[Claude Levi-Strauss]], for example, all attended Lacan's seminars at some point. Lacan's first seminar in 1964 was later published in English as ''[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]''. Lacan continued to deliver his public exposition of analytic theory and practice for the next seventeen years.
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;1951
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:The [[SPP]] begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[short sessions]], as opposed to the standard analytical hour.
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;1953
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:In January Lacan is elected President of the [[SPP]].  Six months later he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[others]]. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]''". On 17 July he marries [[Sylvia]] Maklès, mother of [[Judith]]. That autumn Lacan starts his [[seminar]]s at the [[Hôspital Sainte-Anne]].
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==Writings and seminars==
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;1954
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Although Lacan is a major figure in the history of [[psychoanalysis]], he made his most significant contributions not in the traditional form of books and journal articles, but through [[seminar]] lectures - in fact, he explicitly disclaimed publication in his later life. ''The Seminar of Jacques Lacan'', conducted over a period of more than two decades, contains the majority of his life's work, though several of these remain unpublished. Furthermore, the accuracy of the transcriptions of the seminars is disputed, with [[Sherry Turkle]] claiming that [[Jacques-Alain Miller]], Lacan's son-in-law, made extensive changes to add clarity to the material (Turkle, ''Psychoanalytic Politics: Jacques Lacan and Freud's French Revolution'', p. 254-255).  
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:The first ten [[seminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]], the essential [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalysis]], and its [[ethics]].  During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[texts]] that are found in ''[[Ecrits]]'' in 1966.
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;1956
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His only major body of writing, ''Écrits'', is notoriously difficult to read. ''Seminar XX'' remarks that his ''Écrits'' were not to be understood, but would produce a meaning effect in the reader similar to some mystical texts. Part of the reason for this, it should be emphasised, are the repeated [[Hegelian]] allusions (themselves derived from [[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève]]'s lectures on Hegel, which Lacan attended) and similar unheralded theoretical divergences and not, first and foremost, Lacan's obscure prose style, as some have alleged.
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:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars ([[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of [[Freud]]'s article on ''Dé[[négation]]'', given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). [[Alexandre Koyré]], Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]], Maurice [[Merleau-Ponty]], and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.
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;1962
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== Lacan and his discontents ==
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:[[SFP]] members [[want]] to be recognized by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]). The [[IPA]] issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[name]] must be crossed off the [[list]] of didacticians.
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Although Lacan is often associated with it, he was not without his critics from within the major figures of what is broadly termed [[postmodernism]]. (Several writers, such as [[Slavoj Žižek]], have argued specifically against considering Lacan a poststructuralist theorist.) Along these lines, [[Jacques Derrida]] (though Derrida did not endorse nor associate himself with postmodernism) made a considerable critique of Lacan's analytic writings, accusing him of taking a [[structuralism|structuralist]] approach to psychoanalysis, but this is hardly surprising. In particular, Derrida criticises Lacanian theory for an inherited Freudian ''phallocentrism'', exemplified primarily in his conception of the ''phallus'' as the 'primary signifier' that determines the social order of signifiers. It could be said that much of Derrida's critique of Lacan stems from his relationship with Freud: for example, Derrida deconstructs the Freudian conception of 'penis envy', upon which female subjectivity is determined, to show that the primacy of the male phallus entails a hierarchy between phallic presence and absence that ultimately implodes upon itself.
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;1963
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:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the [[SFP]] gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.
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Nonetheless, Lacan can be said to enjoy an awkward relationship with feminism and post-feminism in that, while he is much criticised for adopting (or inheriting from Freud) a phallocentric stance within his psychoanalytic theories, he is also taken by many to provide an accurate portrayal of the gender biases within society. Some critics accuse Lacan of maintaining the [[sexism|sexist]] tradition in psychoanalysis. Others, such as [[Judith Butler]] and [[Jane Gallop]] have offered readings of Lacan's work that opened up new possibilities for [[feminism|feminist]] theory, making it difficult to seriously reject Lacan wholesale due to sexism - although specific parts of his work may well subject to criticism on these grounds. In either case, traditional feminism has profited from Lacan's accounts to show that society has an inherent sexual bias that denigratingly reduces womanhood to a status of deficiency.
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;1964
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:Lacanians [[form]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds the ''[[Ecole Française de Psychanalyse]]'', which soon becomes the ''[[Ecole Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]).  With [[Lévi-Strauss]] and [[Althusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.
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Within the world outside the humanities and critical theory, criticism of Lacan tends to dismiss him/his work in a more or less wholesale fashion. [[François Roustang]], in ''The Lacanian Delusion'', called Lacan's output "extravagant" and an "incoherent system of pseudo-scientific gibberish". In ''[[Fashionable Nonsense]]'' (1997), [[Alan Sokal]] and [[Jean Bricmont]] accuse Lacan of abusing scientific concepts. Defenders of Lacanian theories dispute the validity of such criticism, and point out that Sokal has explicitly stated that he does not understand Lacan's texts. According to Lacanians, the dismissal by Sokal and his allies precludes any valid criticism of his theories, and is instead motivated by a desire to "police the boundaries" of what constitutes an appropriate use of scientific terminology.
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;1965
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:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[analysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[Jacques-Alain Miller]].
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==Sources==
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;1966
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*[http://www.lacan.com/rolleyes.htm Chronology of Jacques Lacan]
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:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966.  The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.
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*[http://www.lacan.com/seminars1a.htm The Seminars of Jacques Lacan]
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;1967
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* [http://www.lacan.com/bibliographyxx.htm Jacques Lacan's Complete French Bibliography]
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:Lacan presents the ''[[Acte]] de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]]; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[passe]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[analyste]] de l'école'' (analyst of the school).  This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.
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*[http://www.lacan.com/kantsade.htm Jacques Lacan; Kant with Sade]
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;1969
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*[http://www.lacan.com/hotel.htm Of Structure as the Inmixing of an Otherness Prerequisite to Any Subject Whatever] Johns Hopkins University - 1966
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:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]].  "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation.  Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge."  The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon.  
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*[http://www.lacan.com/purloined.htm The Seminar on "The Purloined Letter"]
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;1974
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* [http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/chomsky-on-postmodernism.html Chomsky's remarks]
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:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.
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;1980
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:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.
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;1981
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:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.
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<!--
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;1901 - 1938
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:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].
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;1938 - 1953
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:[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.
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;1953 - 1963
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:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].
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;1963 - 1980
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:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.
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| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>
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| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].
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He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.
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|-
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| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>
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| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]]) until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).
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|-
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| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>
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| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death).
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Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.
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|-
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| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>
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| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). 
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Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.
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|-
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| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>
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| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.
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However, [[Lacan]] soon dissolves the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'' and replaces it with the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''.
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==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
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Selected works published in English listed below. More complete listings can be found at [http://www.lacan.com/bibliographies.htm Lacan Dot Com] or [http://www.hydra.umn.edu/lacan/gaze.html Peter Krapp's page]
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<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete]] [[bibliography]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote>
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* ''[[The Language of the Self: The Function of Language in Psychoanalysis]]''*, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968
 
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* ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]''*, transl. by Alan Sheridan, New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1977, and revised version, 2002, transl. by Bruce Fink.
 
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* ''[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]''
 
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* ''[[The Seminar, Book I. Freud's Papers on Technique, 1953-1954]]'',, edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, transl. by J. Forrester, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1988
 
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* ''[[The Seminar, Book II. The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-1955]]'', edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, transl. by Sylvana Tomaselli, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1988.
 
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* ''[[The Seminar, Book III. The Psychoses]]'', edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, transl. by Russell Grigg, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1993.
 
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* ''[[The Seminar, Book VII. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-1960]]'', edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, transl. by Dennis Porter, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1992.
 
−
*''[[The Seminar XI, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]'', edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, transl. by Alan Sheridan, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1977.
 
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*''[[The Seminar XX, Encore: On Feminine Sexuality, the Limits of Love and Knowledge]]'', edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, transl. by Bruce Fink, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1998.
 
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*''[[Television: A Challenge to the Psychoanalytic Establishment]]'', ed. Joan Copjec, trans. Jeffrey Mehlman, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1990.
 
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>referenced above
 
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Works about Lacan's Work and Theory
 
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* Benvenuto, Bice; Kennedy, Roger, ''The Works of Jacques Lacan'' (London, 1986, Free Association Books.)
 
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* Malcolm Bowie, ''Lacan'' (London: Fontana, 1991). (An introduction.)
 
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* Dor, Joel, ''The Clinical Lacan''  (New York: Other Press, 1999)
 
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* Dor, Joel, ''Introduction to the Reading of Lacan: The Unconscious Structured Like a Language'' (New York: Other Press, 2001)
 
−
* Elliott, Anthony and Frosh, Stephen (eds.), ''Psychoanalysis in Contexts: Paths between Theory and Modern Culture'' (London and New York: Routledge, 1995). (A recent overview.)
 
−
* Dylan Evans, ''An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis'', Routledge, 1996.
 
−
* Fink, Bruce, ''The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
 
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* Bruce Fink, ''Lacan to the Letter: Reading Ecrits Closely'', University of Minnesoty, 2004.
 
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* Forrester, John, ''Language and the Origins of Psychoanalysis'' (Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1985).
 
−
* Fryer, David Ross, ''The Intervention of the Other: Ethical Subjectivity in Levinas and Lacan'' (New York: Other Press, 2004)
 
−
* [[Jane Gallop]], ''The Daughter's Seduction: Feminism and Psychoanalysis''. London: Macmillan Press; and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.
 
−
* [[Jane Gallop]], ''Reading Lacan''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.
 
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* Gherovici, Patricia, ''The Puerto Rican Syndrome'' (New York: Other Press, 2003)
 
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* Harari, Roberto, ''Lacan's Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis: An Introduction'' (New York: Other Press, 2004)
 
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* ------, ''Lacan's Seminar on "Anxiety": An Introduction'' (New York: Other Press, 2005)
 
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* Lander, Romulo, ''Subjective Experience and the Logic of the Other'' (New York: Other Press, 2006)
 
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* Leupin, Alexandre, ''Lacan Today'' (New York: Other Press, 2004)
 
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* Mathelin, Catherine, ''Lacanian Psychotherpay with Children: The Broken Piano'' (New York: Other Press, 1999)
 
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* McGowan, Todd and Kunkle, Sheila, Eds., ''Lacan and Contemporary Film'' (New York: Other Press, 2004)
 
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* Moustafa, Safouan, ''Four Lessons of Psychoanalysis'' (New York: Other Press, 2004)
 
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* Rabaté, Jean-Michel (ed.), ''The Cambridge Companion to Lacan'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
 
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* Sherry Turkle, ''Psychoanalytic Politics: Jacques Lacan and Freud's French Revolution'', 2nd edition, Guildford Press, New York, 1992
 
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* ————— and Wollheim, Richard, ‘Lacan: an exchange’, ''New York Review of Books'', 26 (9), 1979, p. 44.
 
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* Soler, Colette, ''What Lacan Said About Women'' (New York: Other Press, 2006)
 
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* Van Haute, Philippe, ''Against Adaptation: Lacan's "Subversion" of the Subject'' (New York: Other Press, 2002)
 
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* ----- and Geyskens, Tomas, ''Confusion of Tongues: The Primacy of Sexuality in Freud, Ferenczi, and Laplanche'' (New York: Other Press, 2004)
 
−
* [[Anthony Wilden|Wilden, Anthony]], ‘Jacques Lacan: A partial bibliography’, ''Yale French Studies'', 36/37, 1966, pp. 263 – 268.
 
−
* [[Slavoj Žižek]], ‘The object as a limit of discourse: approaches to the Lacanian real’, ''Prose Studies'', 11 (3), 1988, pp. 94 – 120.
 
−
* —————, ''Interrogating the Real'', ed. Rex Butler and Scott Stephens (London and New York: Continuum, 2005).
 
−
 
 
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==External links==
 
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===Introductions===
 
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*[http://www.lacan.com/bibliography.htm Jacques Lacan in English]
 
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*[http://www.lacan.com/perfume/frame.htm Links of Jacques Lacan]
 
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*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/l/lacweb.htm Jacques Lacan at The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
 
  
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===Practice===
+
[[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; in 2006 a complete edition of these works was published in [[English]].
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*[http://www.cfar.org.uk/ The Centre for Freudian Analysis and Research. London-based Lacanian psychoanalytic training agency.Site includes online library of clinical & theoretical texts]
 
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*[http://www.lacan.org/ Homepage of the Lacanian School of Psychoanalysis and the San Francisco Society for Lacanian Studies]
 
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*[http://www.londonsociety-nls.org.uk/ The London Society of the New Lacanian School. Site includes online library of clinical & theoretical texts]
 
  
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===Theory===
+
==References==
−
*[http://www.lacan.com/lacan1.htm Lacan Dot Com]
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<references/>
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*[http://www.hydra.umn.edu/lacan/index.html Lacan Online]
 
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*[http://www.ubu.com/sound/lacan.html UBUweb] - radio features and interviews w/ Lacan on ubu.com
 
  
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===Criticism===
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* [[Psychoanalysis]]
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* [[Psychology]]
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* [[Return to Freud]]
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* [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]
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* [[Ego-psychology]]
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* [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]]
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* [[Object-relations theory]]
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{{Also}}
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==External Links==
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]
  
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Latest revision as of 17:56, 3 June 2019

Jacques Lacan · Biography · Bibliography · Seminars · Downloads · Dictionary · Images · Audio · Video - Links - More
Jacques-lacan-4.jpg

Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan (13 April 1901 – 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, philosophy, and literary theory. Giving yearly seminars in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-structuralist philosophers. His interdisciplinary work is Freudian, featuring the unconscious, the castration complex, the ego, identification, and language as subjective perception. His ideas have had a significant impact on critical theory, literary theory, twentieth-century French philosophy, sociology, feminist theory and clinical psychoanalysis.


Biography

Click here for a more complete chronology of Jacques Lacan's life.

1901
13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is born in Paris, to a family of solid Catholic tradition. He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school. After his baccalauréat he studies medicine and later psychiatry.
1927
Starts clinical training, works at Sainte-Anne's hospital. A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where Clérambault had a practice.
1932
Awarded doctorate for his thesis, De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité.
1933
The richness of his thesis, especially the analysis of the case of Aimée, makes him famous with the Surrealists. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes Kojève's course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, an "Introduction to the reading of Hegel."
1934
He marries Marie-Louise Blondon, mother of Caroline, Thibaut and Sibylle. While in analysis with Rudolph Loewenstein, Lacan becomes a member of the [[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]]] (SPP).
1940
Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the German Occupation, he does not take part in any official activity.
1946
In 1946, the SPP resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training analyses and supervisory control and plays an important theoretical and institutional role.
1951
The SPP begins to raise the issue of Lacan's short sessions, as opposed to the standard analytical hour.
1953
In January Lacan is elected President of the SPP. Six months later he resigns to join the Société Française de Psychanalyse (SFP) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among others. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage". On 17 July he marries Sylvia Maklès, mother of Judith. That autumn Lacan starts his seminars at the Hôspital Sainte-Anne.
1954
The first ten seminars elaborate fundamental notions about psychoanalytic technique, the essential concepts of psychoanalysis, and its ethics. During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major texts that are found in Ecrits in 1966.
1956
Celebrities are attracted to his seminars (Jean Hyppolite's analysis of Freud's article on Dénégation, given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). Alexandre Koyré, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.
1962
SFP members want to be recognized by the International Psycho-Analytical Association (IPA). The IPA issues an ultimatum: Lacan's name must be crossed off the list of didacticians.
1963
Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the SFP gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.
1964
Lacanians form a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds the Ecole Française de Psychanalyse, which soon becomes the Ecole Freudienne de Paris (EFP). With Lévi-Strauss and Althusser's support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.
1965
In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis" at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of analysts and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably Jacques-Alain Miller.
1966
Ecrits, Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the EFP, extending far beyond the intelligentsia.
1967
Lacan presents the Acte de Fondation of the EFP; its novelty lies in the procedure of passe. The passe consists of testifying, in front of two passeurs, to one's experience as an analysand and especially to the crucial moment of passage from the position of analysand to that of analyst. The passeurs are chosen by their analysts (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same stage in their analytic experience as the passant. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, analyste de l'école (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting process, a 'work of doctrine'.
1969
The issue of the passe keeps invading the EFP's life. "Le quatrième groupe" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the university that follows May 1968: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a knowledge and taught as such, it has no place in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal Cahiers pour l'Analyse has to cease publication, but Vincennes appears as an alternative. Michel Foucault asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon.
1974
The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "Le Champ freudien" with Lacan its director and Jacques-Alain Miller its president.
1980
On 9 January, Lacan announces the dissolution of the EFP and asks those who wish to continue working with him to state their intentions in writing. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school La Cause freudienne, later renamed the Ecole de la Cause freudienne.
1981
9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.

Bibliography

Click here for a more complete bibliography of Jacques Lacan's work.

Lacan's most important theoretical contributions to psychoanalysis were presented in his seminars. In 1966, a selection of Lacan's most important papers are published under the title Écrits; in 2006 a complete edition of these works was published in English.

References


External Links

Wikipedia Entry


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