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Lukács's later literary criticism includes the well-known essay "Kafka or Thomas Mann?", in which Lukács argues for the work of [[Thomas Mann]] as a superior attempt to deal with the condition of [[modernity]], while he criticizes [[Franz Kafka]]'s brand of [[modernism]]. Lukács was steadfastly opposed to the formal innovations of modernist writers like Kafka, [[James Joyce]], and [[Samuel Beckett]], preferring the traditional aesthetic of [[realism]]. He famously argued for the revolutionary character of the novels of [[Sir Walter Scott]] and [[Honoré de Balzac]]. Lukács felt that both authors' nostalgic, pro-aristocratic politics allowed them accurate and critical stances because of their opposition to the rising [[bourgeoisie]] (albeit reactionary opposition). This view was expressed in his later book ''The Historical Novel''.

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