Changes

For =====Linguistic Definition=====The term "[[shifter]]" was introduced into [[linguistics]] by [[linguist]] [[JakobsonOtto Jespersen]], a to refer to those elements in [[shifterlanguage]] is a term whose general [[meaning]] cannot be determined defined without referring reference to the [[message]] that is being (to describe a class of words whose [[communicatemeaning]]d between a sender and a receivervaries according to their situation or whose references varies).<ref>1957</ref>

Personal pronouns are =====Roman Jakobson=====For [[Jakobson]], a [[shifter]]s: is a term whose [[meaning]] cannot be determined without referring to the [[message]] that is being [[communicate]]d between a sender and a receiver.<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson, Roman]]. 1957. "Shifters, verbal categories, and the word Russian verb," in ''Selected Writings'I' designates both the speaker or sender who says , vol. II, 'I' Word and the Language'I' contained in the [[message]] that is sent, The Hague: Mouton, 1971. p.132</ref>

For example =====Examples=====Personal pronouns are [[shifter]]s: the word "I" designates both the pronouns 'speaker or sender who says "I' and 'you', as well as words like 'here' and 'now', " and the tenses, can only be understood by reference to "I" contained in the context in which they are uttered[[message]] that is sent.

Before this article, "the peculiarity of the personal pronoun and other shifters was often believed to consist in the lack of a single, constant, general meaning."<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson, Roman]]. 1957. "Shifters, verbal categories, and the Russian verb," in ''Selected Writings'', vol. II, ''Word and Language'', The Hague: Mouton, 1971. p. 132</ref>

[[Jakobson]] argues that [[shifter]]s do have a single general [[meaning]]; for example the personal pronoun "I " always means "the person uttering I".

This makes the [[shifter]] a '"[[symbol]]'. "

Also, since grammar is implicated in ''[[parole]]'', the ''[[langue]]''/''[[parole]]'' distinction is put into question.

=====Jacques Lacan=====Following [[Jakobson]], [[Lacan]] uses the term '"[[shifter]]' " (in [[English]]) to show the problematic and undecidable nature of the '"I' " (''Je'').

=====Division of the Subject=====This [[division]] of the '"I' " is not merely illustrative of the [[splitting]] of the [[subject]]; it is that [[split]].

<blockquote>"Indeed, the I of the enunciation is not the same as the I of the statement, that is to say, the shifter which, in the statement, designates him."<ref>{{S11}} p.139</ref></blockquote>

[[Category:ConceptsOK]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Linguistics]]__NOTOC__