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==Jacques Lacan==
===Two Types of Knowledge===
[[Lacan]] distinguishes between two types of [[knowledge]]:
* [[knowledge|imaginary knowledge]] (''[[connaissanceConnaissance]]'') which is the [[knowledge]] of the [[ego]], and * [[knowledge|symbolic knowledge]] (''[[savoir]]''), which is the [[knowledge]] of the [[subject]].
* [[knowledge|symbolic knowledge]] (''[[Savoir]]''), which is the [[knowledge]] of the [[subject]].
==''Savoir''=====Symbolic Knowledge===''[[Savoir]]'' is both [[knowledge]] of the [[subject]]'s relation to the kind of [[knowledgesymbolic]] which [[psychoanalytic treatmentorder]] aims at, and also that relation itself.
[[Psychoanalytic treatment]] aims at a progressive revelation of this [[knowledge]] to the [[subject]], and is based on the premise that the only means of access to this [[knowledge]] is via a particular form of [[speech]] called [[free association]].
However, [[psychoanalytic treatment]] does not aim at a [[Hegel]]ian '"[[absolute knowledge]],' " because the [[unconscious]] is irreducible; there is an inescapable division between the [[subject]] and [[knowledge]].
==="Knowledge is the ''Jouissance'' of the Other"===
[[Symbolic]] [[knowledge]] is [[knowledge]] of the [[truth]] about one's [[unconscious]] [[desire]].
[[Knowledge]] in this sense is a form of ''[[jouissance]]'': "[[knowledge]] is the ''[[jouissance]]'' of the [[Other]]."<ref>{{S17}} p.13</ref>
===Subject Supposed to Know===
[[Symbolic]] [[knowledge]] does not reside in any particular [[subject]], nor in the [[Other]] (which is not a [[subject]] but a locus), but is [[intersubjective]].
However, this does not prevent one supposing that somewhere there is a [[subject]] who possesses this [[knowledge| symbolic knowledge]] (the [[subject supposed to know]]).
==''Connaissance''=====Imaginary Knowledge===''[[Connaissance]]'' (and its necessary correlate, ''[[méconnaissance]]'') is the kind of [[knowledge|self-knowledge]] that belongs to the [[imaginary]] [[order]]. It is by misunderstanding and misrecognition (''[[meconnaissanceméconnaissance]]'') that the [[subject]] comes to the [[knowledge|imaginary knowledge]] of himself (''me-connsaissanceconnaissance'') which is constitutive of the [[ego]].<ref>{{E}} p.306</ref>
The [[ego]] is thus an [[illusory]] kind of [[knowledge|self-knowledge ]] based on a [[fantasy]] of self-mastery and [[unity]].
==="Paranoiac Knowledge"===
[[Imaginary]] [[knowledge]] is called "[[knowledge|paranoiac knowledge]]" by [[Lacan]] because it has the same [[structure]] as [[paranoia]] (both involve a [[delusion]] of [[absolute knowledge]] and [[mastery]]), and because one of the preconditions of all [[human]] [[knowledge]] is the "paranoiac alienation of the ego."<ref>{{E}} p.2</ref>
===Imaginary Obstacle to Symbolic Knowledge===
[[Knowledge|Imaginary knowledge]] is an obstacle which hinders the [[subject]]s access to [[knowledge|symbolic knowledge]].
[[Psychoanalytic treatment]] must therefore continually subvert the [[subject]]'s [[imaginary]]] [[knowledge|self-knowledge ]] in order to reveal the [[symbolic]] [[knowledge|self-knowledge ]] which it blocks.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Ego]]
* ''[[Jouissance]]''
* [[Other]]
||
* [[Paranoia]]
* [[Signifier]]
* [[Signifying chain]]
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* [[Subject]]
* [[Subject supposed to know]]
* [[Subject]]
||
* [[Treatment]]
* [[Truth]]
* [[Unconscious]]
{{Also}}
==References==
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Practice]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:Imaginary]]
[[Category:Terms]]
