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==Sigmund Freud==
[[Freud]] borrowed the term ''[[das Es]]'' (which the ''[[Standard Edition]]'' translates as "[[the Id]]") from Georg Groddeck, one of the first [[German]] [[psychiatrists]] to support [[psychoanalysis]], although [[Freud]] also noted, Groddeck himself seems to have taken the term from Nietzche.<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Ego and the Id]]''. 1923b. [[SE]] XIX. p. 23</ref>
===Structural Model of the Psyche==The term first appears in [[Freud]]'s work in the early 1920s, in the context of the second model of the [[pysche]]; in this model, the [[psyche ]] is divided into three agencies: the [[id]], the [[ego ]] and the [[superego]].
The [[id]] corresponds roughly to what [[Freud ]] called the [[unconscious|unconsicous system ]] in his first model of the [[psyche]], but there are also important differences between these two concepts.
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<blockquote>The ''Es'' with which anlaysis is concerned is made of the signifier which is already there in the real, the uncomprehended signifier. It is already there, but it is made of the signifier, it is not some kind of primitive and confused property relevant to some kind of pre-established harmony...<ref>{{S4}} p.49</ref></blockquote>
[[Lacan ]] conceives of the [[id ]] as the [[unconscious ]] origin of [[speech]], the [[symbolic ]] "it" beyond the [[imaginary ]] [[ego]]. Thus whereas Groddeck states that "the affirmation 'I live' is only conditionally correct, it expresses only a small and superficial part of the fundamental principle 'Man is lived by the It.'"<ref>Groddeck. 1923. p.5</ref>, Lacan's view could be summed up in similar terms, only replacing the verb "to live" with the verb "to speak"; the affirmation "I speak " is only a superifical part of the fundamental principle "Man is spoken by it."
This equation is illustrated by the homophony between the German term ''[[Id|Es]]'' and the letter '''S''', which is [[Lacan]]'s [[symbol]] for the [[subject]].<ref>{{E}} p. 129</ref>
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One of [[Freud]]'s most famous statements concerns the [[id ]] and its relationship with [[psychoanalytic treatment]]; ''Wo Es war, soll Ich werden (which the [[Standard Edition ]] renders "Where id was, there ego shall be.")<ref>{{F}} 1933a. [[SE]] XXII. p.80</ref> One common reading of this cryptic statement has been to take it as meaning that the task of psychoanalytic treatment is to enlarge the field of consicousness; it is just such a reading that is crstyallized in the original French translation of Freud's statement - ''le moi doit dEloger la Ca'' (the ego shall dislodge the id).
[[Lacan]] is completely opposed to such a reading.<ref>{{S1}} p.195</ref>, arguing instead that the word ''soll'' is to be understood as an [[ethics|ethical injunction]], so that the [[end of analysis|aim]] of [[analysis]] is for the [[ego]] to submit to the [[autonomy]] of the [[symbolic order]].
Thus lacan [[Lacan]] prefers to translate [[Freud]]'s statment statement as "there where it was, or there were one was ... it is my duty that I should come into being " [''La ou c'etat, peut-on dire, la ou s'etatit... c'est mon devour que je vienne a etre'']'.<ref>{{E}} p.129, 299-300; [[Ec]] p.417-8</ref>
The [[end of analysis]], according to this view, is thus a kind of "existential recognition" of the symbolic determinants of one's [[being]], a recognition of the fact that "You are athisthis" ( you ar ethis are this [[signifying chain|symbolic chianchain]], and no more).<ref>{{S1}} p.3</ref>
