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=====Sigmund Freud=====
====="Compulsion to Repeat"=====
For [[Freud]], the "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" -- also referred to as the "[[repetition|repetition compulsion]]" (''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'') -- is related to the '''[[death drive]]''' and the ''[[desire]] to [[return]] to an inorganic [[state]]''.
The "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" refers to the tendency of the [[patient]] to expose himself again and again to a distressing or painful [[situation]], although he has [[memory|forgotten]] of [[scene|origins]] of the [[repetition|compulsion]].
[[Psychoanalytic treatment]] involves an effort to break the cycle of [[repetition]] by helping the [[patient]] [[memory|remember]].
=====Jacques Lacan=====
[[Lacan]] expands upon [[Freud]]'s [[concept ]] of the "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" in various ways.
He borrows the term "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]") from [[French]] [[psychiatry]]<ref>[[Lacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" as a [[translation ]] of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref> to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject]] '''repeatedly''' and '''compulsively''' re-enacts.''.
While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[French]]: ''[[instance]]'') to refer to the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]].
[[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] as the "'''[[insistence of the letter]]'''" (''[[l'instance de la lettre]]''), that is, as ''the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of certain '''[[signifier]]s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[subject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]]''.
<blockquote>"[[Repetition]] is fundamentally the [[insistence]] of [[speech]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>
=====Resistance=====
Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the [[life ]] of the [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them.
In [[schema L]], [[repetition]] / [[insistence]] is represented by the axis '''A-S''', while the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]] (or "inertia") which opposes [[repetition]].
In the 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the [[pleasure principle]] and seek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref>
[[FreudLacan]] establishes an important distinciton between the lays great emphasis on this [[repetition|compulsive repetitionsymbolic]] aspect of material that has not been mastered or understood[[transference]], and distinguishing it from the recollection, verbalization and working-through characteristic [[imaginary]] [[dimension]] of [[transference]] (the [[talking cureaffect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref>
However, [[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this points out that although the [[symbolicrepetition|repetition compulsion]] aspect of manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], distinguishing it from is not in itself limited to the [[imaginarytransference]] dimension ; in itself, "the concept of repetition has [[transferencenothing]] (to do with the [[affect]]s concept of [[love]] and [[hate]])transference."<ref>{{S8S11}} p.20433</ref>
<blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[Repetitiontransference]] is the general characteristic a form of the [[signifying chainrepetition]]. I am not saying that this is untre, the manifestation or that there is not an element of [[repetition]] in the [[unconscioustransference]] in every . I am not saying that it is not on the basis of his [[subjectexperience]], and of the [[transference]] is only a very special form of that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition]] (i.e. it What I am saying is that the concept of [[repetition]] within has nothing to do with the concept of [[psychoanalytic treatmenttransference]]). Because of this confusion, which cannot simply I am obliged to go through this explanation at the outset, to lay down the necessary [[logical]] steps. For to follow [[chronology]] would be equated with to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itselfthat derive from the fact that its discovery took [[place]] in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the [[transference]]. "<ref>{{S8S11}} p. 20833</ref></blockquote>
{{See}}
* [[Death]]
{{Also}}
<references/>
{{OK}}
[[Category:Practice]]