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{{TopTopp}}psychologie du moi{{Bottom}}
<!-- [[Ego-psychology]] has been - since its development in the 1930s - the dominant [[school]] of [[psychoanalysis]] in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]. -->
[[Ego-psychology]] is a [[school]] of [[Sigmund Freud|post-Freudian]] [[psychoanalysis]], derived from [[psychology|child psychology]], [[Freud]]'s [[topology|second topography]] and [[Anna Freud]]'s work on the [[ego]] and its [[defence]]s.
It is based on an elaboration of [[Freud]]'s [[structure|structural model]] of the [[mind]], which focuses almost entirely on the function of the [[ego]] in mediating between the conflicting [[demand]]s of the [[instinctual]] [[id]], the [[moralistic]] [[superego]] and [[external]] [[reality]].
It was said that the [[Lacanpatient]] challenged all the central concepts of , in order to strengthen his or her "[[autonomous ego-psychology]]", such as should identify with the concepts of [[adaptationego]] and of the [[autonomous egopsychoanalyst]].
<!-- [[LacanEgo-psychology]] presents both was taken to the [[ego-psychologyUnited States]] by the Austrian analysts who emigrated there in the late 1930s, and since the early 1950s it has been the dominant school of [[psychoanalysis]] not only in the [[United States]] but also in the whole of the [[IPA]] . This position of dominance has enabled [[ego-psychology]] to present itself as the "antithesis" inheritor of true [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis]] in its purist form, when in fact there are radical differences between some of its tenets and [[Freud]]'s work.<ref>{{E}} p For much of his professional life, [[Lacan]] disputed [[ego-psychology]]'s claim to be the true heir to the Freudian legacy, even though [[Lacan]]'s [[analyst]], [[Rudolph Loewenstein]], was one of [[ego-psychology]]'s founding fathers.l16</ref-->
<!-- For much of his professional life, [[Lacan]] disputed [[ego-psychology]]'s claim to be the true heir to the Freudian legacy. After [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]] in 1953, he was free to voice his criticisms of [[ego-psychology]] openly, and during the rest of his life he developed a sustained and powerful critique. Much of [[Lacan]]ian theory cannot be properly understood without reference to the ideas of [[ego-psychology]] with which [[Lacan]] contrasts it. --><!-- [[Lacan]] challenged all the central concepts of [[ego-psychology]], such as the concepts of [[adaptation]] and the [[autonomous ego]]. -->[[Lacan]] argues attacks this position with many arguments. First, he criticizes the ego-psychologist's concept of a "healthy part" of the [[ego]]. How, asks Lacan, can they know which "part" is "healthy"? Does this not assume that both were irremediably corrupted the purpose of [[analysis]] is achieved by an [[identification]] with the [[analyst]]'s [[ego]]? Is the culture [[goal]] of [[psychoanalysis]] to bring the United States ([[patient]] to see the world as the [[analyst]] sees it? [[Lacan]] traces most of [[ego-psychology]]'s problems and contradictions to the idea that there is an "objective", "[[knowledge|knowable]]" [[factor creality]]).
For Lacan, the ego is the enemy. The origin of the ego is in the mirror phase. The mirror, held by the mother, proffers the developmentally half-formed and muscularly uncontrolled child its first idea of itself as a stable unified appearance. The ego is constituted by "alienating identifications". Lacan's own conception of the ego suggests that it must be profoundly distrusted because it is unable to discriminate the subject's own desires from the desires of others. According to Lacan, the ego is not [[autonomous ego|autonomous]], but subordinated and [[alienation|alienated]] to the people and [[image]]s with which it has [[identification|identified]] during its [[development]]. He thought that an [[analysis]] had failed if it ended with the [[analysand]] [[identification|identifying]] with the [[analyst]]. At the conclusion of therapy, what should have disappeared is the armour of the ego, the glass cage of narcissistic illusions. <!-- His criticisms of [[ego-psychology]] are often intertwined with his criticisms of the [[IPA]] which was dominated by this particular [[school]] of thought. [[Lacan]] presents both [[ego-psychology]] and the [[IPA]] as the "antithesis" of true psychoanalysis.<ref>{{E}} p.l16</ref> [[Lacan]] argues that both were irremediably corrupted by the culture of the United States (see [[factor c]]). [[Lacan]]'s powerful critique has meant that few people now accept uncritically the claims of [[ego-psychology]] to identify itself as "classical psychoanalysis."-->
==See Also==
