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| ''[[Les écrits techniques de Freud]]''<BR>[[Freud's Papers on Technique]]
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The first [[seminar]], open to the public, takes place at [[Sainte-Anne Hospital]] just after the creation of the [[S.F.P]] ([[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]). [[Lacan]] cuts in the study of [[Freud]] by dint of his theory on the [[imaginary]], the [[symbolic]] and the [[real]]. The focal point of the discussion is the direction of the [[cure]]. Participants are allowed to make presentations, comments and objections. Through the case histories of [[Freud]], [[Klein]], Kris and [[Balint]], the debate elucidates on the convergence of [[psychoanalysis]], [[philosophy]], [[theology]], [[linguistics]] and [[game theory]]. In keeping with this heterogeneous approach, [[Lacan]] will further appeal to the [[science]] of [[optics]] to systematize his analyses of the [[specular relation]]. After his [[schema]] of the [[inverted bouquet]] the [[mirror stage]] becomes part of the [[topography]] of the [[Imaginary]]. As to the ''[[méconnaissance]]'' that characterizes the [[ego]], it is associated with ''[[Verneinung]]'' (''[[dénégation]]''): "...everyday [[speech]] runs against failure of [[recognition]], ''[[méconnaissance]]'', which is the source of ''[[Verneinung]]''." He closes the [[seminar]] pondering on the [[role]] of the [[analyst]]: "...if the subject commits himself to searching after [[truth]] as such, it is because he places himself in the dimension of ignorance, what [[analyst]]s call readiness to the [[transference]]. The [[analyst]]'s ignorance is also worth of consideration. He doesn't have to guide the [[subject]] to [[knowledge]], but on to the paths by which access to this [[knowledge]] is gained. [[Psychoanalysis]] is a [[dialectic]]s, an [[art]] of conversation."
In a spoken intervention (Appendix), [[Jean Hyppolite]] comments on [[Freud]]'s ''[[Verneinung]]'' and suggests its translation as ''[[dénégation]]'' instead of ''[[négation]]''. The question here deals with how the [[return]] of the [[repress]]ed operates. According to [[Freud]] the [[repress]]ed is intellectually accepted by the [[subject]], since it is named, and at the same time is negated because the [[subject]] refuses to recognize it as his, refuses to recognize him in it. ''[[Dénégation]]'' includes an assertion whose status is difficult to define. The frontier between [[neurosis]] and [[psychosis]] is drawn here, between [[repression]], ''[[Verdrägung]]'', and [[repudiation]], ''[[Verwerfung]]'', a term that [[Lacan]] will replace by [[withdrawal]], and finally by "[[foreclosure]]" (''[[forclusion]]''), the former being related to [[neurosis]], the latter to [[psychosis]].
When answering Hyppolite in La Psychanalyse that same year, [[Lacan]] establishes two poles of [[analytic experience]]: the [[imaginary]] [[ego]] and the [[symbolic]] [[speech]]. [[Lacan]] gives precedence to the [[Symbolic]] over the [[Imaginary]]. The [[subject]] who must come to be is "the [[subject of the unconscious]]" and "the [[unconscious is the discourse of the Other]]." In [[analysis]], he says, "the subject first talks about himself without talking to you, then he talks to you without talking about himself. When he is able to talk to you about himself, the analysis is over."
To this reshaping of the [[Imaginary]] by the [[Symbolic]], he opposes the intersection of the [[Symbolic]] and the [[Real]] without mediation of the [[Imaginary]], which would be the characteristic of [[psychosis]].
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