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With the rise of the [[women]]'s movement, [[female]] patients became more assertive in expressing their [[sense]] of having been exploited by [[male]] [[analysts]] (cases of sexual boundary violations most commonly involve a male analyst and a female patient), and some form of reparation was often demanded.
Gutheil and Gabbard first attempted to delineate the concept of boundary violation and boundary crossings in a 1993 article. Subsequently, Gabbard and Lester argued that preservation of professional boundaries not only protects the patient from harm, but also serves to create "the analytic [[object]]," which is an amalgam of [[The Transference|the transference ]] object and the new object jointly created by the subjectivities of analyst and patient.
Critics of the new emphasis on boundary violations have expressed concern that such limits may constrict the [[spontaneity]] of the analyst. Rigidity might prevent the analyst from engaging the patient. Attention to boundaries, however, does not promote coldness or rigidity in the analytic [[relationship]]. The intent is exactly the opposite. Professional boundaries define the parameters of the analytic relationship so that the patient can interact in an atmosphere of safety that includes an analyst who can be warm and spontaneous.
