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The term "creativity" is not used by Sigmund [[Freud]] but the [[concept]] is [[Freudian]] if we [[understand]] it to mean the creative [[imagination]] embodied in [[fantasies]] or daydreams. These may or may not receive further elaboration and be transformed into a [[work]] of art, regardless of its specific [[nature]]. However, it is primarily Melanie [[Klein]] and Donald [[Winnicott]] who are [[responsible]] for establishing the concept as an [[active]] attitude of the ego with respect to its [[objects]].
As early as the Studies on [[Hysteria]] (1895d), Freud realized that the [[world]] of fantasy ([[Anna O]]'s private theater) can take the [[place]] of the [[real]] world, and this includes the researcher captivated by his [[subject]]. In discussing [[humor]] (1905c), Freud also emphasized the [[freedom]] of the intellect in the face of highly constrained situations. [[Literary]] creation (1908e [1907]) appeared to Freud as an extension of [[children]]'s daydreams, situations in which the fantasy is affirmed in the face of the [[empire]] of [[reality]], without, however, leading [[The Subject|the subject ]] to misinterpret it as happens in delusional states. It is precisely this ability, whose origin remains mysterious, to turn fantasies into a reality inscribed in a work of art and therefore something that can be shared with [[others]], that constitutes creativity, regardless of the field of endeavor. Freud was especially interested in literary (Dostoyevsky, Hoffmann, Jensen) and artistic creation ([[Leonardo]] [[da Vinci]], [[Michelangelo]]).
[[Melanie Klein]] (1929) had a very different outlook on creativity, which she saw as an impulse experienced by the [[infant]] to repair the [[object]] that had been initially [[split]] into [[good]] and bad and attacked during the [[paranoid]] [[phase]]. The creative function is therefore initially curative but goes hand in hand with the [[representation]] of a [[unified]] object. In this [[sense]] the creative function constitutes a reconstitution of the ego and the object, which having been simultaneously destroyed, subsist in an empty or mutilated [[state]].
