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 '''Søren Aabye Kierkegaard''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|[ˈsœːɔn ˈkʰiɔ̯g̊əˌg̊ɔːˀ]}}) ([[5 May]], [[1813]] &ndash; [[11 November]], [[1855]]), a 19th century [[Denmark|Danish]] [[philosopher]] and [[theologian]], is generally recognized as the first [[existentialism|existentialist]] philosopher. He bridged the gap that existed between [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegelian]] philosophy and what was to become Existentialism. Kierkegaard strongly criticised both the Hegelian philosophy of his time, and what he saw as the empty [[ceremony|formalities]] of the [[Church of Denmark|Danish church]]. Much of his work deals with religious problems such as the nature of faith, the institution of the [[Christian Church]], Christian ethics and theology, and the [[emotion]]s and [[feeling]]s of individuals when faced with existential choices. Because of this, Kierkegaard's work is sometimes characterized as [[Christian existentialism]] and [[Existential therapy|existential psychology]]. Since he wrote most of his early work under various [[pseudonyms]], and often these pseudo-authors would comment on and critique the works of his other pseudo-authors, it can be exceedingly difficult to distinguish between what Kierkegaard truly believed and what he was merely arguing for as part of a pseudo-author's position. [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] remarked that Kierkegaard was "by far, the most profound thinker of the nineteenth century" <ref name="ArisSoc">