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Demand

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{{Les termes}}
demand (''demande'') The French terms demander and demande lack the
The French terms demander and demande lack the connotations of imperativeness and urgency conveyed by the English word'demand', and are perhaps closer to the English words 'ask for' and 'request'.
However, all English translations of Lacan use the term 'demand', and are perhaps closer in order to the English words 'ask for' and 'request'maintain consistency.
However, all English translations of Lacan use Although the term 'demand' only begins to figure prominently in order toLacan's work from 1958 on, related themes are already present in the 1956-7 seminar.
maintain consistencyIt is in this seminar that Lacan discusses the call (l'appel), the baby's cry to the mother.<ref>S4, 182</ref> Lacan argues that this cry (cri) is not merely an instinctual signal but 'is inserted in a synchronic world of cries organised in a symbolic system'.<ref>S4, 188</ref> In other words, the infant's screams become organised in a linguistic structure long before the child is capable of articulating recognisable words.
Although It is the term symbolic nature of the infant's screams which forms the kernel of Lacan's concept of demand' only begins to figure prominently , which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of his distinction between [[need]], demand and [[desire]]. Lacan'sargues that since the infant is incapable of performing the specific actions that would satisfy its biological needs, it must articulate those needs in vocal form (demands) so that another (the mother) will perform the specific action instead. The primary example of such a biological need is hunger, which the child articulates in a scream (a demand) so that the mother will feed it.
work from 1958 However, because the object which satisfies the child's need is provided by another, it takes on, related themes are already present in the 1956-7 seminaradded significance of being a proof of the Other's love.
It is Accordingly demand too acquires a double function: in this seminar addition to articulating a need, it also becomes a demand for love. And just as the symbolic function of the object as a proof of love overshadows its real function as that Lacan discusses which satisfies a need, so too the call symbolic dimension of demand (as a demand for love) eclipses its real function (l'appelas an articulation of need). It is this double function which gives birth to desire, since while the needs which demand articulates may be satisfied, the baby's cry to craving for love is unconditional and insatiable, and hence persists as a leftover even after theneeds have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes desire.
mother (S4Demand is thus intimately linked to the human subject's initial [[helplessness]]. By forcing the analysand to express himself entirely in speech, the psychoanalytic situation puts him back in the position of the helpless infant, 182)thus encouraging [[regression]]. Lacan argues that this cry (cri) is not merely an instinctual
signal but 'is inserted in a synchronic world Through the mediation of cries organised in a symbolicthe demand, the whole past opens up right down to early infancy. The subject has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, and we just follow on from there.<ref>E, 254</ref>
system' However, while the speech of the analysand is itself already a demand (for a reply), this demand is underpinned by deeper demands (S4to be cured, to be revealed to himself, 188to become an analyst). In other words<ref>E, 254</ref> The question of how the infantanalyst engages with these demands is crucial. Certainly the analyst does not attempt to gratify the analysand's screams become organised in demands, but nor is it simply aquestion of frustrating them (see [[frustration]].
linguistic structure long before In 1961, Lacan rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms of demand. The oral stage is constituted by a demand to be fed, which is a demand made by the subject. In the anal stage, on the other hand, it is not a question of the subject's demand, but the demand of the Other (the parent who disciplines the child is capable in potty-training).<ref>S8, 238-46, 269</ref> In both of these pregenital stages the satisfaction of articulating recognisabledemand eclipses desire; only in the genital stage does desire come to be fully constituted.<ref>S8, 270</ref>
words.
 
It is the symbolic nature of the infant's screams which forms the kernel of
 
Lacan's concept of demand, which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of
 
his distinction between NEED, demand and DESIRE. Lacan argues that since the
 
infant is incapable of performing the specific actions that would satisfy its
 
biological needs, it must articulate those needs in vocal form (demands) so that
 
another (the mother) will perform the specific action instead. The primary
 
example of such a biological need is hunger, which the child articulates in a
 
scream (a demand) so that the mother will feed it.
 
However, because the object which satisfies the child's need is provided by
 
 
another, it takes on the added significance of being a proof of the Other's love.
 
Accordingly demand too acquires a double function: in addition to articulating
 
a need, it also becomes a demand for love. And just as the symbolic function of
 
the object as a proof of love overshadows its real function as that which
 
satisfies a need, so too the symbolic dimension of demand (as a demand for
 
love) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of need). It is this double
 
function which gives birth to desire, since while the needs which demand
 
articulates may be satisfied, the craving for love is unconditional and insati-
 
able, and hence persists as a leftover even after the needs have been satisfied;
 
this leftover constitutes desire.
 
Demand is thus intimately linked to the human subject's initial HELPLESSNESS.
 
By forcing the analysand to express himself entirely in speech, the psycho-
 
analytic situation puts him back in the position of the helpless infant, thus
 
encouraging REGRESSION.
 
Through the mediation of the demand, the whole past opens up right down to
 
early infancy. The subject has never done anything other than demand, he
 
could not have survived otherwise, and we just follow on from there.
 
(E, 254)
 
However, while the speech of the analysand is itself already a demand (for a
 
reply), this demand is underpinned by deeper demands (to be cured, to be
 
revealed to himself, to become an analyst) (E, 254). The question of how the
 
analyst engages with these demands is crucial. Certainly the analyst does not
 
attempt to gratify the analysand's demands, but nor is it simply a question of
 
frustrating them (see FRUSTRATION).
 
In 1961, Lacan rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms
 
of demand. The oral stage is constituted by a demand to be fed, which is a
 
demand made by the subject. In the anal stage, on the other hand, it is not a
 
question of the subject's demand, but the demand of the Other (the parent who
 
disciplines the child in potty-training) (S8, 238-46, 269). In both of these
 
pregenital stages the satisfaction of demand eclipses desire; only in the genital
 
stage does desire come to be fully constituted (S8, 270).
==def==
The concept of demand is not Freudian. It was developed by Jacques Lacan, who linked it with need and desire (Lacan, 1966, 1991). Demand is identifiable by the five clinical traits that constitute it, by the status that it gives the object, by its function in relation to the Other, and finally by its topological register.
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