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‘’’Book III: The Psychoses’’’Lacan deftly navigates the ontological levels of the [[symbolic]], the [[imaginary]], and the [[real]] to explain [[psychosis]] as "[[foreclosure]]," or rejection of the [[primordial]] [[signifier]].

‘’’Le séminaireThen, Livre III: Les psychoses’’’. Paris: Editions du Seuil.English version: ''The Seminar of Jacques bridging the gap between the [[theoretical]] and the [[practical]], [[Lacan, Book III: The Psychoses 1955-1956''. Ed. J.-A. Miller. Trans. R. Grigg. London: Routledge, 1993]] discusses the implications for [[treatment]].

Only In these lectures on the first half of the seminar is explicitly concerned with questions of psychosis and psychotic phenomenon. The second half looks at hysteria[[psychoses]], the relationship between the signifier and the signified and finally issues [[Lacan]]'s renowned theory of [[metaphor ]] and [[metonymy. The seminar also contains early formulations of ]], along with the Name-concept of-the-Father and "quilting point," appears for the phallusfirst time.

Two conditions are required for [[psychosis ]] to emerge:  # the [[subject]] has a [[psychotic ]] [[structure]] (inheritance) and # the [[Name-of-the-Father ]] is called into [[symbolic ]] opposition to the [[subject]].  When both conditions are fulfilled, [[psychosis]] is actualized; the latent [[psychosis]] becomes manifest in [[hallucinations]] and/or [[delusions]].  For [[Lacan]] [[psychosis]] includes [[paranoia]] (Papin sisters), so he bases his arguments on the [[Schreber case]] (as related by [[Freud]]).  He argues that [[Schreber]]'s [[psychosis]] was activated by both his failure to produce a [[child]] and his election to an important position in the judiciary.  These experiences confronted him with the question of paternity in the [[real]]- called the [[Name-of-the-Father]] into [[symbolic]] opposition with the [[subject]].

When both conditions are fulfilled, psychosis The [[Name of the Father]] is actualized; the latent psychosis becomes manifest in [[hallucinationsfundamental signifier]] and/or which permits [[delusionssignification]]to proceed normally.

When [[foreclosed]], it is not included in the [[symbolic]] [[order]]. [[Lacan ]] rejects the approach of limiting the [[analysis ]] of [[psychosis ]] to the [[imaginary]]: "nothing is to be expected from the way psychosis is explored at the level of the imaginary, since the imaginary mechanism is what gives psychotic alienation its form, but not its dynamics."  Only by focusing on the [[symbolic]] are we able to point to the fundamental determining element of [[psychosis]]: the [[hole ]] in the [[symbolic]] [[order]] caused by [[foreclosure]] and the consequent imprisonment of the [[psychotic ]] [[subject ]] in the [[imaginary]].  

The [[Saussurian]] opposition between [[signifier]] and [[signified]] leads to the radical separation of the two [[chain]]s, until they are tied through anchoring points, ‘’''[[points de caption]]’’''.  

Despite the continual [[slippslip]]age page of the [[signified ]] under the [[signifier]], there are nevertheless in the [[neurotic ]] [[subject ]] certain points of attachment between [[signifier ]] and [[signified ]] where the slippage [[slip]]page is temporarily halted.

Thus the phenomena most notable in [[psychosis ]] are disorders of [[language]]: the presence of such disorders is a necessary condition for its [[diagnosis]]: holophrases and the extensive use of [[neologism]]s (new words or already existing ones which the [[psychotic ]] redefines).  These language disorders are due to the [[psychotic]]'s [[lack ]] of a sufficient number of anchoring points: the psychotic experience is characterized by a constant slippage [[slip]]page of the [[signifier ]] under the [[signified]], which is a disaster for [[signification]].  Later, [[Lacan ]] will posit that there is a continual "cascade of reshapings of the signifier from which the increasing disaster of the imaginary proceeds, until the level is reached at which signifier and signified are stabilized in the delusional metaphor."  Thus "the nucleus of psychosis has to be linked to a rapport between the subject and the signifier in its most formal dimension, in its dimension as pure signifier. If the neurotic inhabits language, the psychotic is inhabited, possessed by language.”"

This schema articulates the [[imaginary ]] triad with the [[symbolic ]] triad, both of which cut the quadrangle of [[reality]].  The term '[[reality]]' is ambiguous in that it designates both our rapport to the world and our rapport to the [[Real ]] as inaccessible.  [[Schema R ]] is elaborated in terms of a particular form of [[psychosis ]] ([[Schreber]]). Later, ‘’[[Kant avec Sade]]’’ (1962) will develop the [[perverse ]] version as [[Lacan ]] is concerned with creating the formal bases for his theory before addressing the problems of the [[treatment ]] of [[psychosis]]. The preliminary question seems to be the one of the [[Other]], whose presence commands everything else.  It is the place from which the [[subject]] is confronted with the question of its [[existence]] ([[sexuation]] and [[death]]).  What is the [[Other]]? Is it the [[unconscious]] where "it speaks?"  Is it the place of [[memory]] that conditions the indestructibility of certain [[desire]]s?  Is it the place where the [[signifier ]] of signifiers [[signifier]]s is the [[phallus]]?  Is it the place symbolized [[symbolize]]d by the [[Name-of-the-Father]] since "the [[Oedipus complex]] is consubstantial with the [[unconscious]]?  When the [[paternal metaphor]] does not allow the [[subject ]] to evoke the [[signification ]] of the [[phallus]], when the response to the call of the [[Name-of-the-Father ]] is a [[lack ]] of the [[signifier ]] itself, then it is a case of [[psychosis]]. "This applies to the metaphor of the Name-of-the-Father, that is, the metaphor that puts this Name in the place that was first symbolized by the operation of the mother's absence."  It designates the metaphorical[[metaphor]]ical, [[substitutive]], character of the [[Oedipus complex]].

It is If the fundamental metaphor on which all [[signification]] depends: thus all signification is [[phallus|phallic]]. If the Name-of-the-Father ]] is [[foreclosed ]] ([[psychosis]]), there can be no [[paternal metaphor]] and no [[phallic ]] [[signification]].