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Matheme
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The '''[[matheme]]''' is a concept introduced in the work of the [[20th century]] by [[France|French]] [[psychoanalyst]] [[Jacques Lacan]].
They were intended to introduce some degree of technical rigour in [[Naturalphilosophical]] and [[languagepsychological]]writing, with its constant "metonymic slide"as an easy way to hold, fails hereremember, where and rehearse some of the core [[mathematicspsychoanalytic]] succeeds[[concepts]]s.
The main [[Lacan]]ian [[matheme]]s in order of their appearance are:
In 1955, he introduced what could be called his first [[matheme]], [[schema L]], illustrating the [[imaginary]] function of the [[ego]].
In [[Greek]], ''mathêma'' means "that which is taught."
# [[Schema L]] (1955), which identifies four points in the [[signifying chain]]: first, the [[unconscious]], or the [[discourse]] of the [[Other]] (A), and then the [[subject]] (S), which in turn results from the relation between the [[ego]] (a) to the [[other]] (a) to the other (d).
# The [[formula]] of the [[signifier]] (1957), S/s, links the [[law]]s of the [[unconscious]] discovered by [[Freud]] to the [[law]]s of [[language]] ([[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]]).
Perhaps the most familiar is the '[[algorithm]]' which in 1957 replaces [[Saussure]]'s simple diagram of the [[sign]] / arbor with the notation S/s.
This is to be understood as demonstrating that the [[signifier]] is above the [[signified]], and that the two are separated by a [[bar]] that resists [[signification]] and forces the [[signifier]] to slide endlessly.
# The [[formulas of sexuation]] (1972) present [[sexual difference]] as a logical inscription.
Using the signs ∃x?x, ΦxFx, and ∀x ?x outside of the field of [[mathematics]] where they originated, [[Lacan]] inscribed a [[masculine]] [[psychical]] [[structure]] on one side and a [[feminine]] [[psychical]] [[structure]] on the other.
The graphs and schemata gradually become more complex, and are eventually replaced by an '[[algebra]]' of 'little letters' or [[matheme]]s.
[[Matheme]]s advance and illustrate the theses that in relation to [[speech]] and writing, another [[structure]] besides that of grammar or syntax organizes [[speech]], namely the [[structure]] of the [[signifier]].
The [[Lacan]]ian [[matheme]] proceeds neither by faith nor by pure [[mathematics]].
==References==
<references/>
* [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (2002)[[Écrits]]: A selection (. Trans. [[Bruce Fink, Trans.)]]. New York: W. W. Norton. 2002.* ——. [[Seminar XXI|Le Séminaire-Livre XXI, Les non-dupes errent ]] ("[[Seminar XXI|Those Who Aren't Duped Err/The Names of the Father] (]") 1973-1974). Unpublished [[seminar]].
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]