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{{Les termesTopp}}castration complex ([[complexe ]] de castration) {{Bottom}}
==Sigmund Freud =====Sexual Difference===[[Freud]] first described the [[castration complex ]] in 1908, arguing that the [[child, ]] - on discovering the [[biology|anatomical ]] [[sexual difference|difference between the sexes (]] -- the [[presence ]] or [[absence ]] of the [[penis), ]] - makes the assumption that this [[sexual difference |difference]] is due to the [[female]]'s [[penis ]] having been cut off.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud, 1908c|On the Sexual Theories of Children]]". 1908. [[SE]] IX. p. 207</ref> In his view, the [[castration complex]] is the [[moment]] when one "[[castration complex|infantile theory]]" -- that every [[human]] [[being]] has a [[penis]] -- is replaced by a new one -- that [[female]]s have been [[castrated]]. The consequences of this new [[castration complex|infantile theory]] are different in the [[boy]] and in the [[girl]]. The [[boy]] fears that his own [[penis]] will be cut off by the [[father]] ([[castration]] [[anxiety]]), while the [[girl]] sees herself as already castrated (by the [[mother]]) and attempts to deny this or to compensate for it by seeking a [[child]] as a [[substitute]] for the [[penis]]. These [[unconscious]] representations, in [[phantasy]], cover over the lack at the heart of being in the Other and allow the subject to imagine (feel) as though they are special or fulfilled (not [[lacking]]). Fear of [[psychic]] castration is thus met with a phantasy which positions the subject as not lacking which props up the ego as being of central importance.
===Phallic Phase===The [[castration complex ]] affects both [[sex]]es because its [[appearance]] is thus closely linked with the [[castration complex|phallic phase]], a moment of [[development|psychosexual development]] when the [[child]], whether [[boy]] or [[girl]], [[knows]] only one [[penis|genital organ]] - the [[male]] one. This [[phase]] is also known as the [[castration complex|infantile theory (everyone has a penis) genital organisation]] because it is the first moment when the [[drive|partial drive]]s are [[unified]] under the primacy of the [[genital]] organs. It thus anticipates the [[genital|genital organisation]] proper which arises at [[development|puberty]], when the [[subject]] is replaced by a new one (females have been castrated)aware of both the [[male]] and the [[female]] [[biology|sexual organ]]s.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Infantile Genital Organization]]." 1923. [[SE]] XIX. p. 141</ref>
This applies equally to [[boy]]s and [[girl]]s:
<blockquote>"[This] [[relationship]] to the phallus . . . is established without [[regard]] to the [[anatomical]] [[difference]] of the sexes."<ref>{{E}} p. 282</ref></blockquote>
<!-- == Lacan ==Lack==== -->LacanOn a more fundamental level, who talks more often about 'the term [[castrationcomplex|castration]] may also refer not to an "operation" -- the result of an [[intervention]] by the [[imaginary]] or [[real]] [[father]] -- but to a [[state]] of [[lack]] which already [[exists]] in the [[mother]] prior to the [[subject]]' than 's [[birth]]. This [[lack]] is evident in her own [[desire]], which the [[subject]] perceives as a [[desire]] for the castration complex'[[imaginary]] [[phallus]]. That is, does not discuss the castration complex [[subject]] realises at a very much early [[stage]] that the [[mother]] is not [[lack|complete]] and [[autonomy|self-sufficient]] in his early workherself, nor fully [[satisfied]] with her [[child]] (the [[subject]] himself), but [[desire]]s something else. This is the [[subject]]'s first [[perception]] that the [[Other]] is not [[lack|complete]] but [[lack]]ing.