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"''Énoncé''", which is translated as "[[statement]]", refers to the actual [[words]] uttered, "''énonciation''" to the act of uttering [[them]].
=====Enunciation and Statement=====
In [[linguistics|linguistic theory]] in [[Europe]], one important distinction is that between the [[enunciation]] and the [[statement]].
The [[statement]] refers to the actual words uttered; the [[enunciation]] refers to the act of uttering them.
=====Statement=====
A [[statement]] is [[speech]] analysed in [[terms]] of its abstract [[grammatical]] units, independent of the specific circumstances of occurrence.
=====Enunciation=====
An [[enunciation]] is [[speech]] [[analyzed]] as an [[individual]] act performed by a [[particular]] [[speaker]] at a specific [[time]] / [[place]], and in a specific [[situation]].
=====Jacques Lacan=====
=====Early Work=====
Long before [[Lacan]] uses these terms, he is aleady making a similar distinction.
In 1936, for example, he stresses that the act of [[speech|speaking]] contains a [[meaning]] in itself, even if the words spoken are "[[signification|meaningless]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.83</ref>
Prior to any function it may have in "conveying a [[message]]," [[speech]] is an appeal to the [[other]].
This attention to the act of [[speech|speaking]] in itself, irrespective of the [[content]] of the utterance, anticipates [[Lacan]]'s attention to the [[dimension]] of the [[enunciation]].
=====Psychotic Language=====
When [[Lacan]] does come to use the term "[[enunciation]]" in 1946, it is first of all to describe strange characteristics of [[psychotic]] [[language]], with its "duplicity of the enunciation."<ref>{{Ec}} p.167</ref>
=====Subject of the Unconscious=====
Later, in the 1950s, the term is used to locate the [[subject]] of the [[unconscious]].
=====Graph of Desire=====
In the [[graph of desire]], the lower [[signifying chain|chain]] is the [[statement]], which is [[speech]] in its [[conscious]] dimension, while the upper [[signifying chain|chain]] is "the unconscious enunciation."<ref>{{E}} p.316</ref>
=====Unconscious Enunciation=====
In designating the [[enunciation]] as [[unconscious]], [[Lacan]] affirms that the source of [[speech]] is not the [[ego]], nor [[consciousness]], but the [[unconscious]]; [[language]] comes from the [[Other]], and the [[idea]] that "I" am [[master]] of my [[discourse]] is only an [[delusion|illusion]].
=====Subject of the Statement or Enunciation=====
The very [[word]] "I" (''Je'') is ambiguous; as [[shifter]], it is both a [[signifier]] acting as [[subject]] of the [[statement]], and an [[index]] which designate, but does not [[signification|signify]], the [[subject]] of the [[enunciation]].<ref>{{E}} p.298</ref>
=====Split Subject=====
The [[subject]] is thus [[split]] between these two levels, [[division|divided]] in the very act of articulating the ''I'' that presents the [[delusion|illusion]] of [[unity]].<ref>{{S11}} p.139</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* ''[[Cogito]]''
* [[Consciousness]]
* [[Discourse]]
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* [[Ego]]
* [[Graph of desire]]
* [[Language]]
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* [[Other]]
* [[Psychosis]]
* [[Shifter]]
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* [[Signifying chain]]
* [[Speech]]
* [[Split]]
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* [[Statement]]
* [[Subject]]
* [[Unconscious]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:OK]]
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