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January 15 {| align="center" style="width:600px; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"|-| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;" | 1963 - 1964, marks the opening session of the seminars at the École Nationale Supérieure where, in the presence of celebrities ([[Lévi| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-Strauss]], left:10px;" | [[AlthusserSeminar XI]], | style="width:300px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;" | ''[[Fernand BraudelSeminar XI|Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse]]) and a new younger audience, ''<BR><big>[[LacanSeminar XI|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]] talks about the censorship of his teachings and his excommunication from official psychoanalytical circles. </big>|}

[[Image:Sem11.jpg|350px|right]]<BR>January 15 1964, marks the opening session of the [[seminars]] at the École Nationale Supérieure where, in the presence of celebrities (Lévi-[[Strauss]], [[Althusser]], Fernand [[Braudel]]) and a new younger audience, [[Lacan]] talks about the censorship of his [[teachings]] and his excommunication from official psychoanalytical circles. These political problems in Lacan's own life naturally raise theoretical problems around psychoanalytic legitimacy as such. He wants to train [[analystanalysts]]s – and simultaneously interrogate the nature and possibility of psychoanalytic training – and, at the same time, address the non-analyst by raising the following questions: Is [[psychoanalysis]] a [[science]]? If so, under what [[conditions]]? If it is - the "science of the [[unconscious]]" or a "conjectural science of the [[subject]]" - what can it teach us about science?

Praxis=== Analysis, which "places Science and Religion ===Lacan is suspicious of the subject in rapport between psychoanalysis, [[religion]] and science. Did they not have a position founding father and quasi-secret texts? Throughout his career, Lacan is adamant as to his fidelity to [[Sigmund Freud]], the founder of dealing with the real through discipline of psychoanalysis. Freud was "legitimately [[Subject supposed to know|the symbolicsubject presumed to know]]," produces concepts; four are offered hereat least as to the unconscious: "He was not only the subject who was presumed to know, he knew." "He gave us this knowledge in terms that may be said to be indestructible." "No progress has been made that has not deviated whenever one of the terms has been neglected around which Freud ordered the ways that he traced and the paths of the unconscious." This declaration of allegiance contrasts with Lacan's critical study of Freud's [[unconsciousdream]]about the dead son screaming "[[Father, can't you see I'm burning?]]" The main problem remains that of transference: the [[repetitionName-of-the-Father]]is a foundation, but the legacy of the Father is sin, and the original sin of psychoanalysis is Freud's [[transferencedesire]] and the that was not [[driveanalyzed]].

=== The 1973 title has often been contested Concepts ===<br>What can be said for certain is that psychoanalysis constitutes a [[discourse]] - although Lacan will only take this concept on fully in favor of the 1964's: ‘’Les fondements de la psychanalyse’’[[Seminar XVII]] and later [[Seminar XX]] – and a praxis, which implies neither that it is in some sense therapeutic. Praxis, which "places [[The Subject|the subject]] in a matter [[position]] of dealing with the [[real]] through the [[symbolic]]," produces concepts; four are offered here, nor that there are only in the case of analytic praxis: [[Unconscious|the unconscious]], [[repetition]], [[transference]] and the [[drive]]. Of the four concepts mentioned, three were developed in Lacan's usage between 1953 and 1963, although all four find their roots in Freud. As to [[drives]], their importance for Lacan has increased since the study of <i>[[Objet (petit) a|objet a]]</i> in <i>[[Seminar X|L'angoisse]]</i>, as Lacan has increasingly distinguished between the concepts of themdrive and desire.

==== Unconscious ====In "La [[Lettre]] volée" (<i>Écrits</i>) Lacan states that "the unconscious is suspicious the [[discourse]] of the rapport between [[psychoanalysisOther]], " [[religionmeaning]] that "one should see in the unconscious the effects of [[speech]] on the subject." The unconscious is the effect of the [[signifier]] on the subject - the signifier is what gets [[repressed]] and what returns in the [[scienceformations]]of the unconscious. How then is it possible to reconcile desire linked to the signifier and to the Other with the [[libido]], now an organ under the shape of the "[[lamella]]," the placenta, the part of the [[body]] from which the subject must [[separate]] in order to [[exist]]?

Did they not have ==== Repetition ====A new conception of repetition comes into play, whose functioning stems from two forces: automatism on the side of the signifier and the missed yet desired [[encounter]] on the side of the drive, where <i>objet a founding father and quasi-secret texts? </i> refers to the "[[impossible]]" [[Real]] (that which as such cannot be assimilated).

Freud was "legitimately ==== Transference ====If transference is the enactment (<i>la mise en [[acte]]</i>) of the reality of the unconscious - what Lacan's [[deconstruction]] of the subject supposed drive wants to bring to know | light - if desire is the nodal point where the motion of the subject presumed unconscious, an untenable sexual reality, is also at [[work]], what is to knowbe done? The analyst's [[role]],is to allow the drive " at least as to the be made [[unconsciouspresent]]in the reality of the unconscious": "He was not only he must fall from the subject who was presumed idealized position so as to knowbecome the upholder of <i>objet a</i>, he knewthe separating object."

"He gave us this knowledge ==== Drive ====Lacan considers the drives as different from [[biological]] [[needs]] in terms that may they can never be said [[satisfied]] and in that they are fundamentally irreducible to any 'natural' function. The purpose of the drive is not to reach a [[goal]] (a final destination) but to follow its aim (the way itself), which is to be indestructiblecircle round its object, the mysterious [[Objet (petit) a|objet a]]. The real source of <i>[[jouissance]]</i> is not the attainment of any satisfying goal but the [[repetitive]] movement of this closed circuit, as explicated through the [[Graph of desire|graphs of desire]].In one of his key essays, "The Drives and their Vicissitudes" (1915, S.E XIV), Freud defined <i>[[Trieb]]</i> as a montage of four discontinuous elements <i>Drang</i>, thrust; <i>Quelle</i>, the source; <i>Objekt</i>, the object; <i>Ziel</i>, the aim. In all its components, the drive is thoroughly symbolically mediated, a product of the child's introduction to and [[castration]] by [[language]] and the [[Symbolic|symbolic order]], rather than of innate biological 'instincts'.

Lacan says of these components: "No progress has been made Such a list may seem quite natural; my purpose is to prove that the text was written to show that has it is not deviated whenever one of as natural as that." Lacan integrates the aforementioned elements into the drive's circuit, which originates in an [[erogenous zone]], circles the object and returns to the erogenous zone. This circuit is [[structured]] by the three [[grammatical]] voices:<br>1. the [[active]] (to see)<br>2. the reflexive (to see oneself)<br>3. the [[passive]] (to make oneself be seen).<br>The first two are autoerotic; only in the passive [[voice]] a new subject appears, "this subject, the [[other]], appears in so far as the terms drive has been neglected around able to show its circular course." The drive is always active, which Freud ordered the ways that is why he traced and writes the paths [[third]] [[instance]] as "to make oneself be seen" instead of the unconscious"to be seen." <br>

Lacan rejects the [[notion]] that [[partial]] drives can attain any [[complete]] organization since the primacy of the [[genital]] zone is always precarious. The drives are partial, not in the [[sense]] that they are a part of a [[whole]] (a [[genital drive]]), but in that they only [[represent]] [[sexuality]] partially: they convey the [[dimension]] of <i>jouissance</i>. "The [[reality]] of the unconscious is [[sexual]] reality - an untenable truth," much as it cannot be separated from [[death]]. "<i>[[Objet a]]</i> is something from which the subject, in [[order]] to constitute itself, has separated itself off as [[organ]]. This declaration serves as [[symbol]] of allegiance contrasts with the study [[lack]], of Freudthe [[phallus]], not as such, but in so far as it is [[lacking]]. It must be an object that is separable and that has some rapport to the lack. At the [[oral]] level, it is the [[nothing]]; at the [[anal]] level, it is the locus of the [[metaphor]] - one object for [[another]], give the [[feces]] in [[place]] of the phallus - the anal drive is the [[domain]] of the [[gift]]; at the [[scopic]] level, we are no longer at the level of [[demand]], but of [[desire,]] of the desire of the Other; it is the same at the level of the [[invocatory]] drive, which is the closest to the [[experience]] of the unconscious." The first two relate to demand, the second pair to desire. Under the [[form]] of <i>objet a</i>, Lacan groups all the partial drives linked to part [[objects]]: the [[breast]], feces, the [[penis]], and he adds the [[gaze]] and the voice. Here, he asserts the [[split]] between the eye and [[The Gaze|the gaze]] when he analyzes [[Holbein]]'s <i>[[dreamThe Ambassadors]] about </i> as a "trap for the dead son screaming gaze"(<i>piège à regards</i>), but also as a <i>dompte-[[Fatherregard]]</i> (the gaze is tamed by an object) and a <i>trompe-l'oeil</i>. In the foreground, a [[floating]] object, can't you see I'm burning?a [[phallic]] [[ghost]]object gives presence to the - <font face=" Symbol" size="3">F</font> of [[castration]]. This object is the heart of the organization of desire through the framework of the drives.<br>

==English=={| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"|Author(s)|Title|Publisher|Year|Pages|Language|Size|Extension| rowspan="1" |Mirrors|-|Jacques Lacan, Jacques-Alain Miller, Alan Sheridan|The main problem remains that Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book 11<BR>The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis<BR><small>0393317757, 9780393317756</small>|W. W. Norton & Company|1998|290[306]|English|4 Mb|pdf|[http://library1.org/_ads/100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[transference2]</nowiki>], [http: the //b-ok.cc/md5/100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/344555 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>], [http://bookfi.net/md5/100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[Name5]</nowiki>]|-|Jacques Lacan|The Four Fundamental Concepts ofPsycho-theanalysis<BR><small>9780140552171, 9780393317756, 0140552170, 0393317757</small>|Peregrine Books|1986|300|English|2 Mb|djvu|[http://library1.org/_ads/38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>], [http://b-Fatherok.cc/md5/38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] is a foundation, but the legacy of the [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/1263558 <nowiki>[Father4]</nowiki>] is sin, and the original sin of psychoanalysis is Freud's desire that was not analyzed[http://bookfi. net/md5/38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]|}

In ==Related=={| class="The Freudian thingwikitable" style="width:100%;" |Author(‘’Écritss)|Title|Publisher|Year|Pages|Language|Size|Extension| rowspan="1" |Mirrors|-|Richard Feldstein, Bruce Fink, Maire Jaanus (Eds.)|<small>SUNY Series in Psychoanalysis and Culture</small><BR>Reading Seminar XI: Lacan’s Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis: The Paris Seminars in English <small>0791421473, 0791421481, 9780791421475, 9780585045405</small>|State University of New York Press|1995|192|English|992 Kb|chm|[http://library1.org/_ads/FA1B303D5422872B892B7B9DBE37C83F <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http: A Selection’’)//libgen.io/get.php?md5=FA1B303D5422872B892B7B9DBE37C83F <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>], [http://b-ok.cc/md5/FA1B303D5422872B892B7B9DBE37C83F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/444132 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>], [http://bookfi.net/md5/FA1B303D5422872B892B7B9DBE37C83F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]|-|Richard Feldstein, Bruce Fink, Maire Jaanus|<small>Suny Series in Psychoanalysis and Culture</small><BR>Reading Seminar XI: Lacan presents the Name-'s Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis : The Paris Seminars in English <small>0791421473, 0791421481</small>|State Univ ofNew York Press|1995|322|English|3 Mb|pdf|[http://library1.org/_ads/D8F4C8200841170E68A706B384D15987 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=D8F4C8200841170E68A706B384D15987 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>], [http://b-theok.cc/md5/D8F4C8200841170E68A706B384D15987 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/801726 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>], [http://bookfi.net/md5/D8F4C8200841170E68A706B384D15987 <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]|-Father as a treasure to be found|Roberto Harari|Lacan's Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis<BR><small>1590510828</small>|Other Press|2004|300|English|3 Mb|djvu|[http://library1.org/_ads/53F2226050A93744318887FBD777305C <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=53F2226050A93744318887FBD777305C <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>], provided it implies self[http://b-immolation as a sacrificial victim to truthok.cc/md5/53F2226050A93744318887FBD777305C <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/1323213 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>], [http://bookfi.net/md5/53F2226050A93744318887FBD777305C <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]|}

Of the four concepts mentioned, three were developed between 1953 and 1963==French=={| class="wikitable floatright" width="250px" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" style="float:right;margin-left:10px;line-height:2. 0em; padding-left:30px; background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="200px" style="padding-left:10px" | Date| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="50px" style="padding-left:10px" | PDF|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 15 janvier 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!mPhHWAiK!PQim_tY4n296k83e0ae4cWKssO2u7BnZcl6h_BbgPPo link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 22 janvier 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!qKo32AxL!iXABjymdFK4W9nd_U9X8NeF-mMbYZTF-Qv1VonJ7OyQ link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 29 janvier 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!LHhBjaiR!P0rej53bDd66toeIyJhaLBtSfYv1b7XDECa02aHXi98 link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 5 février 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!uC5RRAQK!Pc6Hn4Ux86wxFrPBPZcuJOw_rF2xl2VNnWrbAiXo8mo link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 12 février 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!6LhjCSzT!66m2GeEJXPMPeTocvtq4R7ngwIjD9TmQjtOG9k136Ow link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 19 février 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!fbplEAbQ!j_oHdN9PQp_Jd71LsTCjQZQB6t2Pa0ra_M7HPbZJgxw link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 26 février 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!CDgBBApT!MMvz-QMFr_U5UJr46S_QAMmxsZjT-Msa45b5b-jkbFo link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 4 mars 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!nGhTXYAa!3_m3lzYJc_aYOOV9rgrHyqxcd4laUgI6YxDqEBbJVx4 link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 11 mars 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!6awHCAKR!jZloAA3U9WRGQsRykQVYzw_HiHc2JoWSy4Co85L5ec8 link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 15 avril 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!Ke5xGSJR!GVupryPH5h2sw-Bz2u3atGWfXuPdY02b9Oj2b2CDLxs link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 23 avril 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!3K5TmQoR!hWm5IMg29-V5eIYTRepVTusa5H-zJDblbly9uibGYq0 link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 29 avril 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!HLpHlAiI!JSDM3Cv-zLcg9RGlqmYUmo6-YmGfN1OKUETzGuLidXI link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 6 mai 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!2HpRQQRI!skV4XD3kK8-Fqww5H0wneqn3DBH93fZ0WY0465sYCTI link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 13 mai 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!3C4xjIpZ!ONEQjKG7Y4FDOkgZqXPvoMICEEy3DfLhrGAHWccgfNs link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 20 mai 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!zGoRkYDR!P5WlT__sNek7oaV3gd-2yJ3SJyPbnP9_Sx56vJBD3iU link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 27 mai 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!6CwTEK7L!Qe5KHpzwLOGCZw3-aGejfYRqXgPGqp737UnYeFyQtQc link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 3 juin 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!ua5XnaCR!kHcBlpe_mBLd3khi89X4D59sGPFZwgXnYoaMf0oBGbA link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 10 juin 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!TCpT1KhA!CNgkQY6Mj2NTdwbAFWhPimd7b76NDlMHqGnCXV8gYmY link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 17 juin 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!DO5xUA7T!89NVhXzOzqpEWrEEvj2RDsgU8qcByLfpqC_koxCfFuU link]|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 24 juin 1964 | [https://mega.nz/#!OXhXiYoC!x1_Fi-psssOsim5_MIxoh464LLr6dmFPsWjdw9iyV30 link]|}

== Drive ==As to [[drive]]s, whose importance has increased since the study French versions of ‘’objet a’’ in ‘’[[LJacques Lacan|Lacan'angoisses]]’’, Lacan considers them as different from [[biology|biologicalSeminars]] Source: http://ecole-lacanienne.net* [[needs:File:Seminaire_11.pdf|Download]] in that they can never be satisfied<BR>{{Center|<pdf width="450px" height="600px">File:Seminaire_11. pdf</pdf>}}

The purpose of the drive is not to reach a goal (a final destination) but to follow its aim (the way itself), which is to circle round the __NOAUTOLINKS__ __NOTOC__[[objectCategory:Seminars]].  The real source of ‘’[[jouissance]]’’ is the [[repetition| repetitive]] movement of this closed circuit.  Freud defined ‘’Trieb’’ as a montage of four discontinuous elementsCategory: "Drive is not thrust (‘’Drang’’); in ‘’Triebe und Triebschicksale’’ (1915, S.E. XIV) Freud distinguishes four terms in the drive: ‘’Drang’’, thrust; ‘’Quelle’’, the source; ‘’Objekt’’, the object; ‘’Ziel’’, the aim.  Such a list may seem quite natural; my purpose is to prove that the text was written to show that it is not as natural as that."  The drive is a thoroughly cultural and symbolic construct.  Jacques Lacan integrates the aforementioned elements into the drive's circuit, which originates in an erogenous zone, circles the object and returns to the erogenous zone.  This circuit is structured by the three grammatical voices: # the active (to see) # the reflexive (to see oneself) # the passive (to make oneself be seen). The first two are autoerotic; only in the passive voice a new subject appears, "this subject, the other, appears in so far as the drive has been able to show its circular course." The drive is always active, which is why he writes the third instance as "to make oneself be seen" instead of "to be seen." Lacan rejects the notion that partial drives can attain any complete organization since the primacy of the genital zone is always precarious.  The drives are partial, not in the sense that they are a part of a whole (a genital drive), but in that they only represent sexuality partially: they convey the dimension of ‘’[[jouissance]]’.  "The reality of the unconscious is sexual reality <!- an untenable truth," much as it cannot be separated from death. "’’Objet a’’ is something from which the subject, in order to constitute itself, has separated itself off as organ.  This serves as symbol of the lack, of the [[phallus]], not as such, but in so far as it is lacking.  It must be an object that is separable and that has some rapport to the lack.  At the oral level, it is the nothing; at the anal level, it is the locus of the metaphor - one object for another, give the feces in place of the phallus - the anal drive is the domain of the gift; at the scopic level, we are no longer at the level of demand, but of desire, of the desire of the Other; it is the same at the level of the invocatory drive, which is the closest to the experience of the unconscious."  The first two relate to [[demand]]<b>Le séminaire, the second pair to [[desire]].  Under the form of ‘’objet a’’, Lacan groups all the partial drives linked to [[part objects]]Livre XI: the breast, feces, the penis, and he adds the Les quatre [[gazeconcepts]] and the fondamentaux de la [[voicepsychanalyse]]. </b><br> Here, he asserts the split between the eye and the gaze when he analyzes Holbein's ‘’[[The AmbassadorsFrench]]’’ as a "trap for the gaze" : (‘’piège à regards’’), but also as a ‘’texte établi par Jacques-[[dompte-regardAlain]]’’ (the gaze is tamed by an object) and a ‘’trompe-l'oeil’’.  In the foreground, a floating object, a phallic ghost object gives presence to the -  of [[castrationMiller]].  This object is the heart of the organization of desire through the framework of the drives.   In "La Lettre vol?e" (‘’Écrits’’) Lacan states that "[[the unconscious is the discourse of the Other]]," meaning that "one should see in the unconscious the effects of speech on the subject."  The unconscious is the effect of the [[signifier]] on the [[subjectParis]]- the signifier is what gets repressed and what returns in the formations of the unconscious.  How then is it possible to reconcile desire linked to the signifier and to the Other with the libido, now an organ under the shape of the "[[lamella]]," the placenta, the part of the body from which the subject must separate in order to exist?  A new conception of [[repetition]] comes into play, whose functionning stems from two forces: automatism on the side of the signifier and the missed yet desired encounter on the side of the drive, where ‘’objet a’’ refers to the "impossible" Real (that as such cannot be assimilated).  If transference is the enactment (‘’la mise en acte’’) of the reality of the unconscious - what Lacan's deconstruction of the drive wants to bring to light - if desire is the nodal point where the motion of the unconscious, an untenable sexual reality, is also at work, what is to be done?  The analyst's role is to allow the drive "to be made present in the reality of the unconscious": he must fall from the idealized position so as to become the upholder of ‘’objet a’’, the separating object. == Bibliography ==‘’’Le séminaire, Livre XI: Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse’’’.French: (texte établi par Jacques-Alain Miller), Paris: Seuil, 1973.<br>[[English]]: <b>Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of [[Psychoanalysis ]]</b> (edited by [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]), New York: Norton, 1978. [[Category:Seminars]][[Category:Lacan]][[Category:Freud]]-->