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{{Top}}contre-[[countertransference]] ([[French]]: ''[[contre-transfert]]'') {{Bottom}}

[[Freud]] used coined the term '"[[countertransference]]' " to denote designate the [[analyst]]'s "[[countertransference|unconscious]] [[feelings]] toward " towards the [[analysandpatient]].

In [[particular]], [[analyst]]s soon [[divided ]] over the [[role ]] allotted to [[countertransference]] in discussions of [[technique]].

On the one hand, many [[analyst]]s argued that [[counter-transferencecountertransference]] manifestations were the result of incompletely analysed elements in the [[analyst]], and that such manifestations should therefore be reduced to a minimum by a more [[complete ]] [[training]] [[analysis]].

On the other hand, some [[analyst]]s from the [[Klein]]ian [[school]], beginning with Paula Heimann, argued that the [[analyst]] should be guided in his [[interpretation]]s by his own [[countertransference]] reactions, taking his own [[feelings ]] as an indicator of the [[patient]]'s [[state ]] of [[mind]].

Thus [[Lacan]] defines [[countertransference]] as '"the sum of the prejudices, [[passion]]s, perplexities, and even the insufficient information of the [[analyst]] at a certain [[moment ]] of the [[dialectic]]al [[process]]' of the [[treatment]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.225</ref>

==Case Studies==[[Lacan]] refers to two of [[Freud]]'s [[case ]] studies to illustrate what he means.

===Young Homosexual Woman===In 1951, he refers to the 1957 [[DoraLacan]] case, and argues that presents a similar [[Freudanalysis]]of Freud's treatment of the young [[countertransferencehomosexual]] was rooted in his [woman <ref>{{F}} (1920a [belief]1918] that ) "[[heterosexualityWorks of Sigmund Freud|The Psychogenesis of a Case of Female Homosexuality]] is ," [[natural]] rather than [[normativeSE]]XVIII, and in his [[identification]] with Herr K147.</ref>.

He argues that when [[Freud]] [[interpreted]] the [[woman]]'s [[Lacandream]] argues that it was these two factors which caused as expressing a [[Freudwish]] to handle deceive him, he was focusing on the [[treatmentimaginary]] [[dimension]] badly and provoke of the [[woman]]'negative transference' which led to s [[Doratransference]] breaking off rather than on the [[treatmentsymbolic]] dimension.<ref>[[Lacan]], 1951a{{S4}} p. 135</ref>.

In 1957 That is, [[LacanFreud]] presents a similar interpreted the [[analysisdream]] of Freud's treatment of as something directed at him personally, rather than as something directed at the young homosexual woman <ref>Freud, 1920a</ref>[[Other]].

He argues that when [[Freud]] [[interpreted]] the [[woman]]'s [[dream]] as expressing a wish to deceive him, he was focusing on the [[imaginary]] dimension of the [[woman]]'s [[transference]] rather than on the [[symbolic]] dimension.<ref>{{S4}} p.135</ref>.  That is, [[Freud]] interpreted the dream as something directed at him personally, rather than as something directed at the [[Other]]. [[Lacan]] argues that [[Freud]] did this because he found the [[woman]] attractive and because he [[identification|identified ]] with the [[woman]]'s [[father]].<ref>{{S4}} p.106-9</ref>.

==Training==The preceding examples might seem to [[suggest ]] that [[Lacan]] aligns himself with those [[analyst]]s who argue that the [[training ]] [[analysis]] should give the [[analyst]] the capacity to transcend all [[affect|affective reactions ]] to the [[patient]].  However, [[Lacan]] absolutely rejects this point of view, which he dismisses as a 'stoical ideal' <ref>{{S8}} p.219</ref>.

The [[training]] [[analysis]] does not put the [[analyst]] beyond [[passion]]However, and to believe that it does would be to believe that all the passions stem from the [[unconsciousLacan]]absolutely rejects this point of view, an idea which he dismisses as a "stoical [[Lacanideal]] rejects".<ref>{{S8}} p.219</ref>.

If anything, the better analysed The [[training]] [[analysis]] does not put the [[analyst]] isbeyond [[passion]], the more likely he is and to believe that it does would be frankly in to believe that all the [[passion]]s stem from the [[loveunconscious]] with, or be quite repulsed by, the an [[idea]] which [[analysandLacan]].<ref>{{S8}} p.220</ref>rejects.

==Desire of the Analyst==Ifanything, then, the better analysed the [[analyst]] does not act on is, the basis of these [[feeling]]s, it more likely he is not because his to be frankly in [[traininglove]] [[analysis]] has drained away his [[passion]]swith, but because it has given him a [[desire]] which is even stronger than those [[passion]]sor be quite repulsed by, a [[desire]] which [[Lacan]] calls the [[desire of the [[analyst]]analysand]].<ref>{{S8}} p.220-1</ref>.

==Affect==Hence [[Lacan]] does not entirely reject Paula Heimann's [[position]].

For example, if [[Freud]] had reflected a bit more on his feelings towards the young homosexual [[woman]], he might have avoided [[interpreting ]] her [[dream]] as a [[message]] addressed directly to him.<ref>{{S4}} p.108</ref>. No one has ever said that the [[analyst]] should never have feelings towards his [[patient]].

<blockquote>"No one has ever said that the [[analyst]] should never have feelings towards his [[patient]]. But he must [[know ]] not only not to give into [[them]], to keep them in their [[place]], but also how to make adequate use of them in his technique."<ref>{{S1}} p.32</ref> If [[countertransference]] is condemned by [[Lacan]], then, it is because he defines it not in terms of affects felt by the [[analyst]], but as the [[analyst]]'s failure to use those affects appropriately.</blockquote>

He argues that it connotes a symmetrical [[relationship ]] between the [[analyst]] and the [[analysand]], whereas the [[transference]] is anything but a symmetrical relationship.

When [[speaking ]] of the [[analyst]]'s position it is both misleading and unnecessary to use the term [[countertransference]]; it is sufficient to [[speak ]] of the different ways in which the [[analyst]] and [[analysand]] are implicated in the [[transference]] .<ref>{{S8}} p.233</ref>.

<blockquote>"The [[transference]] is a phenomenon in which [[subject]] and [[psycho]]-analyst are both included. To [[divide ]] it in terms of [[transference]] and [[counter-transference]] . . . is never more than a way of avoiding the [[essence ]] of the matter."<ref>{{S11}} p.231</ref>. ==def==[[Countertransference]] is a term in psychotherapy, denoting a condition where the therapist, as a result of the therapy sessions, begins to transfer the therapist's own repressed feelings to the [[patient]].  It is also defined as the entire body of feelings that the therapist has toward the [[patient]]. Countertransference is defined in oppositon to transference, where a person in therapy begins to transfer feelings to the therapist.  For example, the person in therapy may begin to look at the therapist as if the therapist were the [[patient]]'s mother, transferring their feelings for the real mother to the therapist.  This is considered a positive sign in psychoanalytic therapy, showing that the [[patient]] is making progress. In On Becoming a Counselor, Eugene Kennedy states that [[countertransference]]has the potential to be present in any counseling relationship.  He states that it is often one of the biggest challenges for a new counselor to overcome, and while there is no way to totally overcome the problem of counter-transference learning to not let [[countertransference]]affect a counseling relationship is key.  The mantra "only connect" is often associated with this effect.</blockquote>

[[Category:PsychotherapyPsychoanalysis]]

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