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{{Seminars}}
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|style=[[{{Y}}|1963 - 1964]]| [[Seminar XI]]| ''<small>[[Seminar XI|Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse]]</small>''<BR>[[Seminar XI|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]|} [[Image:Sem11.jpg|350px|right]] <b>Le séminaire, Livre XI: Les quatre [[concepts]] fondamentaux de la [[psychanalyse]].</b><br>[[French]]: (texte établi par Jacques-[[Alain]] [[Miller]]), [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1973.<br>[[English]]: <b>Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of [[Psychoanalysis]]</b> (edited by [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]), New York: Norton, 1978. January 15 1964, marks the opening [[session]] of the [[seminars]] at the École Nationale Supérieure where, in the [[presence]] of celebrities (Lévi-[[Strauss]], [[Althusser]], Fernand [[Braudel]]) and a new younger audience, [[Lacan]] talks [[about]] the [[censorship]] of his [[teachings]] and his [[excommunication]] from [[official]] [[psychoanalytical]] circles. He wants to train [[analysts]] and, at the same [[time]], address the non-[[analyst]] by raising the following questions: Is psychoanalysis a [[science]]? If so, under what [[conditions]]? If it is - the "science of the [[unconscious]]" or a "conjectural science of the [[subject]]" - what can it teach us about science?<br>Praxis, which "places [[The Subject|the subject]] in a [[position]] of dealing with the [[real]] through the [[symbolic]]," produces concepts; four are offered here: the unconscious, [[repetition]], [[transference]] and the [[drive]]. The 1973 title has often been contested in favor of the 1964's: <i>Les fondements de [[La Psychanalyse|la psychanalyse]]</i>, which implies neither that it is a matter of concepts, nor that there are only four of [[them]]. Lacan is suspicious of the rapport between psychoanalysis, [[religion]] and science. Did they not have a founding [[father]] and quasi-[[secret]] [[texts]]? [[Freud]] was "legitimately the subject presumed to [[know]]," at least as to the unconscious: "He was not only the subject who was presumed to know, he knew." "He gave us this [[knowledge]] in [[terms]] that may be said to be indestructible." "No [[progress]] has been made that has not deviated whenever one of the terms has been neglected around which Freud ordered the ways that he traced and the paths of the unconscious." This declaration of allegiance contrasts with the study of Freud's [[dream]] about the [[dead]] son screaming "[[Father, can't you see I'm burning?]]" The main problem remains that of transference: the [[Name]]-of-the-Father is a foundation, but the legacy of the Father is sin, and the original sin of psychoanalysis is Freud's [[desire]] that was not [[analyzed]]. In "The [[Freudian]] [[thing]]"text(<i>[[Écrits]]: A Selection</i>), Lacan presents the [[Name-of-the-Father]] as a treasure to be found, provided it implies [[self]]-alignimmolation as a sacrificial [[victim]] to [[truth]].<br> Of the four concepts mentioned, [[three]] were developed between 1953 and 1963. As to [[drives]], whose importance has increased since the study of <i>[[objet]] a</i> in <i>L'[[angoisse]]</i>, Lacan considers them as different from [[biological]] [[needs]] in that they can never be [[satisfied]]. The [[purpose]] of the drive is not to reach a [[goal]] (a final destination) but to follow its aim (the way itself), which is to circle round the [[object]]. [[The Real|The real]] source of <i>[[jouissance]]</i> is the [[repetitive]] movement of this closed circuit. Freud defined <i>[[Trieb]]</i> as a montage of four discontinuous elements:justify"Drive is not thrust (<i>Drang</i>);colorin <i>Triebe und Triebschicksale</i> (1915, S.E. XIV) Freud distinguishes four terms in the drive:#000<i>Drang</i>, thrust; <i>Quelle</i>, the source; <i>Objekt</i>, the object; <i>Ziel</i>, the aim. Such a [[list]] may seem quite [[natural]];line-heightmy purpose is to prove that the [[text]] was written to show that it is not as natural as that." The drive is a thoroughly [[cultural]] and symbolic [[construct]]. Lacan integrates the aforementioned elements into the drive's circuit, which originates in an [[erogenous zone]], circles the object and returns to the erogenous zone. This circuit is [[structured]] by the three [[grammatical]] voices:<br>1. the [[active]] (to see)<br>2.5emthe reflexive (to see oneself)<br>3. the [[passive]] (to make oneself be seen).<br>The first two are autoerotic;alignonly in the passive [[voice]] a new subject appears, "this subject, the [[other]], appears in so far as the drive has been able to show its circular course." The drive is always active, which is why he writes the [[third]] [[instance]] as "to make oneself be seen" instead of "to be seen."<br> Lacan rejects the [[notion]] that [[partial]] drives can attain any [[complete]] organization since the primacy of the [[genital]] zone is always precarious. The drives are partial, not in the [[sense]] that they are a part of a [[whole]] (a [[genital drive]]), but in that they only [[represent]] [[sexuality]] partially:justifythey convey the [[dimension]] of <i>jouissance</i>. "The [[reality]] of the unconscious is [[sexual]] reality - an untenable truth," much as it cannot be separated from [[death]]. "<i>[[Objet a]]</i> is something from which the subject, in [[order]] to constitute itself, has separated itself off as [[organ]]. This serves as [[symbol]] of the [[lack]], of the [[phallus]], not as such, but in so far as it is [[lacking]]. It must be an object that is separable and that has some rapport to the lack. At the [[oral]] level, it is the [[nothing]]; at the [[anal]] level, it is the locus of the [[metaphor]] - one object for [[another]], give the [[feces]] in [[place]] of the phallus - the anal drive is the [[domain]] of the [[gift]]; at the [[scopic]] level, we are no longer at the level of [[demand]], but of [[desire,]] of the desire of the Other;it is the same at the level of the [[invocatory]] drive, which is the closest to the [[experience]] of the unconscious."The first two relate to demand, the second pair to desire. Under the [[form]] of <i>objet a</i>, Lacan groups all the partial drives linked to part [[objects]]: the [[breast]], feces, the [[penis]], and he adds the [[gaze]] and the voice. Here, he asserts the [[split]] between the eye and [[The Gaze|{| widththe gaze]] when he analyzes [[Holbein]]'s <i>[[The Ambassadors]]</i> as a "trap for the gaze" (<i>piège à regards</i>), but also as a <i>dompte-[[regard]]</i> (the gaze is tamed by an object) and a <i>trompe-l'oeil</i>. In the foreground, a [[floating]] object, a [[phallic]] [[ghost]] object gives presence to the - <font face="Symbol" size="100%3" align>F</font><font face="centerBOOKMAN" stylesize="width3"> of [[castration]]. This object is the heart of the organization of desire through the framework of the drives.<br> In "La [[Lettre]] volée" (<i>Écrits</i>) Lacan states that "the unconscious is the [[discourse]] of the Other," [[meaning]] that "one should see in the unconscious the effects of [[speech]] on the subject." The unconscious is the effect of the [[signifier]] on the subject - the signifier is what gets [[repressed]] and what returns in the [[formations]] of the unconscious. How then is it possible to reconcile desire linked to the signifier and to the Other with the [[libido]], now an organ under the shape of the "[[lamella]]," the placenta, the part of the [[body]] from which the subject must [[separate]] in order to [[exist]]? A new conception of repetition comes into play, whose functionning stems from two forces:520px; border:1px solid #aaa;textautomatism on the side of the signifier and the missed yet desired [[encounter]] on the side of the drive, where <i>objet a</i> refers to the "[[impossible]]" Real (that as such cannot be assimilated). If transference is the enactment (<i>la mise en [[acte]]</i>) of the reality of the unconscious -align:left; linewhat Lacan's [[deconstruction]] of the drive wants to bring to light -heightif desire is the nodal point where the motion of the unconscious, an untenable sexual reality, is also at [[work]], what is to be done? The analyst's [[role]] is to allow the drive "to be made [[present]] in the reality of the unconscious":2he must fall from the idealized position so as to become the upholder of <i>objet a</i>, the separating object.0em; padding-left __NOTOC__[[Category:Seminars]] [[Category:30px;"Jacques Lacan]]|}|}{|widthclass="50pxwikitable"|Author(s)|Title|Publisher|Year|Pages|widthLanguage|Size|Extension| rowspan="470px1"|Mirrors|-|Jacques Lacan, Jacques-Alain Miller, Alan Sheridan|The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book 11<BR>The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis<BR><small>0393317757, 9780393317756</small>|W. W. Norton & Company|1998|290[306]|English|4 Mb|pdf|[http://library1.org/_ads/100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>], [http://b-ok.cc/md5/100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/344555 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>], [http://bookfi.net/md5/100CF53924CD63450D1069603E4DBA53 <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]
|-
| Jacques Lacan|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-analysis<BR><small>9780140552171, 9780393317756, 0140552170, 0393317757</small>|Peregrine Books|1986|300|English|2 Mb|djvu|[http://library1.org/_ads/38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>], [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[{{Y}}|1963 2]</nowiki>], [http://b- 1964ok.cc/md5/38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]| '', [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/1263558 <nowiki>[Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse4]</nowiki>]'', [http://bookfi.net/md5/38B6F9AFCE914FADC58D3F6D1BE7A4A2 <BRnowiki>[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis5]</nowiki>]
|}
==Related==
{| class="wikitable"
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|Richard Feldstein, Bruce Fink, Maire Jaanus (Eds.)
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<small>0791421473, 0791421481</small>
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="200px" style="padding-left:10px" | [[{{Y}}|Date]]| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="50px" style="padding-left:10px" | [[{{Y}}|PDF]]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|15 janvier 1964]] | [httphttps://nosubjectmega.com/archivenz/seminaires/seminaireXI/1964.01.15.pdf #!mPhHWAiK!PQim_tY4n296k83e0ae4cWKssO2u7BnZcl6h_BbgPPo link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|22 janvier 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.01.22.pdf #!qKo32AxL!iXABjymdFK4W9nd_U9X8NeF-mMbYZTF-Qv1VonJ7OyQ link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|29 janvier 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.01.29.pdf #!LHhBjaiR!P0rej53bDd66toeIyJhaLBtSfYv1b7XDECa02aHXi98 link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|5 février 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireXI/1964.02.05.pdf #!uC5RRAQK!Pc6Hn4Ux86wxFrPBPZcuJOw_rF2xl2VNnWrbAiXo8mo link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|12 février 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.02.12.pdf #!6LhjCSzT!66m2GeEJXPMPeTocvtq4R7ngwIjD9TmQjtOG9k136Ow link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|19 février 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.02.19.pdf #!fbplEAbQ!j_oHdN9PQp_Jd71LsTCjQZQB6t2Pa0ra_M7HPbZJgxw link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|26 février 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.02.26.pdf #!CDgBBApT!MMvz-QMFr_U5UJr46S_QAMmxsZjT-Msa45b5b-jkbFo link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|4 mars 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireXI/1964.03.04.pdf #!nGhTXYAa!3_m3lzYJc_aYOOV9rgrHyqxcd4laUgI6YxDqEBbJVx4 link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|11 mars 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.03.11.pdf #!6awHCAKR!jZloAA3U9WRGQsRykQVYzw_HiHc2JoWSy4Co85L5ec8 link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|15 avril 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.04.15.pdf #!Ke5xGSJR!GVupryPH5h2sw-Bz2u3atGWfXuPdY02b9Oj2b2CDLxs link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|23 avril 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.04.23.pdf #!3K5TmQoR!hWm5IMg29-V5eIYTRepVTusa5H-zJDblbly9uibGYq0 link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|29 avril 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.04.29.pdf #!HLpHlAiI!JSDM3Cv-zLcg9RGlqmYUmo6-YmGfN1OKUETzGuLidXI link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|6 mai 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireXI/1964.05.06.pdf #!2HpRQQRI!skV4XD3kK8-Fqww5H0wneqn3DBH93fZ0WY0465sYCTI link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|13 mai 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.05.13.pdf #!3C4xjIpZ!ONEQjKG7Y4FDOkgZqXPvoMICEEy3DfLhrGAHWccgfNs link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|20 mai 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.05.20.pdf #!zGoRkYDR!P5WlT__sNek7oaV3gd-2yJ3SJyPbnP9_Sx56vJBD3iU link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|27 mai 1964]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.05.27.pdf #!6CwTEK7L!Qe5KHpzwLOGCZw3-aGejfYRqXgPGqp737UnYeFyQtQc link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|3 juin 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireXI/1964.06.03.pdf #!ua5XnaCR!kHcBlpe_mBLd3khi89X4D59sGPFZwgXnYoaMf0oBGbA link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|10 juin 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.06.10.pdf #!TCpT1KhA!CNgkQY6Mj2NTdwbAFWhPimd7b76NDlMHqGnCXV8gYmY link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|17 juin 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.06.17.pdf #!DO5xUA7T!89NVhXzOzqpEWrEEvj2RDsgU8qcByLfpqC_koxCfFuU link]
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|24 juin 1964]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireXImega.nz/1964.06.24.pdf #!OXhXiYoC!x1_Fi-psssOsim5_MIxoh464LLr6dmFPsWjdw9iyV30 link]
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