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| [[{{Y}}style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;" |1963 - 1964]]| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;" | [[Seminar XI]]| style="width:300px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;" | ''<small>[[Seminar XI|Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse]]</small>''<BR><big>[[Seminar XI|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]</big>

=== The Concepts ===<bbr>Le séminaireWhat can be said for certain is that psychoanalysis constitutes a [[discourse]] - although Lacan will only take this concept on fully in [[Seminar XVII]] and later [[Seminar XX]] – and a praxis, which is in some sense therapeutic. Praxis, which "places [[The Subject|the subject]] in a [[position]] of dealing with the [[real]] through the [[symbolic]], Livre XI" produces concepts; four are offered here, in the case of analytic praxis: Les quatre [[Unconscious|the unconscious]], [[repetition]], [[transference]] and the [[drive]]. Of the four conceptsmentioned, three were developed in Lacan's usage between 1953 and 1963, although all four find their roots in Freud. As to [[drives]] fondamentaux de la , their importance for Lacan has increased since the study of <i>[[psychanalyseObjet (petit) a|objet a]].</bi> in <i>[[Seminar X|L'angoisse]]<br/i>, as Lacan has increasingly distinguished between the concepts of drive and desire. ==== Unconscious ====In "La [[FrenchLettre]]: volée" (texte établi par Jacques<i>Écrits</i>) Lacan states that "the unconscious is the [[discourse]] of the [[Other]]," [[meaning]] that "one should see in the unconscious the effects of [[speech]] on the subject." The unconscious is the effect of the [[signifier]] on the subject -the signifier is what gets [[repressed]] and what returns in the [[Alainformations]] of the unconscious. How then is it possible to reconcile desire linked to the signifier and to the Other with the [[Millerlibido]]), now an organ under the shape of the "[[Parislamella]]: Seuil, 1973.<br>" the placenta, the part of the [[body]] from which the subject must [[separate]] in order to [[Englishexist]]? ==== Repetition ====A new conception of repetition comes into play, whose functioning stems from two forces: <b>Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts automatism on the side of the signifier and the missed yet desired [[Psychoanalysisencounter]]on the side of the drive, where <i>objet a</bi> (edited by refers to the "[[impossible]]" [[Jacques-Alain MillerReal]](that which as such cannot be assimilated), New York: Norton, 1978.

January 15 1964, marks ==== Transference ====If transference is the opening enactment (<i>la mise en [[sessionacte]] </i>) of the [[seminars]] at reality of the École Nationale Supérieure where, in the [[presence]] of celebrities (Léviunconscious -[[Strauss]], [[Althusser]], Fernand [[Braudel]]) and a new younger audience, [[what Lacan]] talks 's [[aboutdeconstruction]] of the [[censorship]] of his [[teachings]] and his [[excommunication]] from [[official]] [[psychoanalytical]] circles. He drive wants to train [[analysts]] and, at the same [[time]], address the nonbring to light -[[analyst]] by raising if desire is the following questions: Is psychoanalysis a [[science]]? If so, under what [[conditions]]? If it is - nodal point where the "science motion of the [[unconscious]]" or a "conjectural science of the [[subject]]" - what can it teach us about science?<br>Praxis, which "places [[The Subject|the subject]] in a [[position]] of dealing with the [[real]] through the [[symbolic]]," produces concepts; four are offered here: the unconsciousan untenable sexual reality, is also at [[repetitionwork]], [[transference]] and the [[drive]]. what is to be done? The 1973 title has often been contested in favor of the 1964analyst's: <i>Les fondements de [[La Psychanalyse|la psychanalyserole]]</i>, which implies neither that it is a matter of concepts, nor that there are only four of [[them]]. Lacan is suspicious of the rapport between psychoanalysis, [[religion]] and science. Did they not have a founding [[father]] and quasi-[[secret]] [[texts]]? [[Freud]] was "legitimately the subject presumed to [[know]]," at least as to allow the unconscious: drive "He was not only the subject who was presumed to know, he knew." "He gave us this be made [[knowledgepresent]] in [[terms]] that may be said to be indestructible." "No [[progress]] has been made that has not deviated whenever one of the terms has been neglected around which Freud ordered the ways that he traced and the paths reality of the unconscious." This declaration of allegiance contrasts with the study of Freud's [[dream]] about the [[dead]] son screaming "[[Father, can't you see I'm burning?]]" The main problem remains that of transference: he must fall from the [[Name]]-of-idealized position so as to become the-Father is a foundation, but the legacy upholder of the Father is sin, and the original sin of psychoanalysis is Freud's [[desire]] that was not [[analyzed]]. In "The [[Freudian]] [[thing]]" (<i>[[Écrits]]: A Selectionobjet a</i>), Lacan presents the [[Name-of-the-Father]] as a treasure to be found, provided it implies [[self]]-immolation as a sacrificial [[victim]] to [[truth]]separating object.<br>

Of ==== Drive ====Lacan considers the four concepts mentioned, [[three]] were developed between 1953 and 1963. As to [[drives]], whose importance has increased since the study of <i>[[objet]] a</i> in <i>L'[[angoisse]]</i>, Lacan considers them as different from [[biological]] [[needs]] in that they can never be [[satisfied]]and in that they are fundamentally irreducible to any 'natural' function. The [[purpose]] of the drive is not to reach a [[goal]] (a final destination) but to follow its aim (the way itself), which is to circle round its object, the mysterious [[objectObjet (petit) a|objet a]]. [[The Real|The real]] source of <i>[[jouissance]]</i> is not the attainment of any satisfying goal but the [[repetitive]] movement of this closed circuit, as explicated through the [[Graph of desire|graphs of desire]]. In one of his key essays, "The Drives and their Vicissitudes" (1915, S. E XIV), Freud defined <i>[[Trieb]]</i> as a montage of four discontinuous elements: "Drive is not thrust (<i>Drang</i>); in <i>Triebe und Triebschicksale</i> (1915, S.E. XIV) Freud distinguishes four terms in the drive: <i>Drang</i>, thrust; <i>Quelle</i>, the source; <i>Objekt</i>, the object; <i>Ziel</i>, the aim. Such a [[list]] may seem quite [[natural]]; my purpose is to prove that In all its components, the [[text]] was written to show that it is not as natural as that." The drive is thoroughly symbolically mediated, a thoroughly [[cultural]] and symbolic [[construct]]. Lacan integrates the aforementioned elements into product of the drivechild's circuit, which originates in an [[erogenous zone]], circles the object introduction to and returns to the erogenous zone. This circuit is [[structuredcastration]] by the three [[grammaticallanguage]] voices:<br>1. and the [[active]] (to see)<br>2. the reflexive (to see oneself)<br>3. the [[passive]] (to make oneself be seen).<br>The first two are autoerotic; only in the passive [[voiceSymbolic|symbolic order]] a new subject appears, "this subject, the [[other]], appears in so far as the drive has been able to show its circular course." The drive is always active, which is why he writes the [[third]] [[instance]] as "to make oneself be seen" instead rather than of "to be seeninnate biological 'instincts'."<br>

Lacan rejects says of these components: "Such a list may seem quite natural; my purpose is to prove that the [[notion]] text was written to show that [[partial]] drives can attain any [[complete]] organization since the primacy of the [[genital]] zone it is always precarious. The drives are partial, not in the [[sense]] as natural as that they are a part of a [[whole]] (a [[genital drive]]), but in that they only [[represent]] [[sexuality]] partially: they convey the [[dimension]] of <i>jouissance</i>. "The [[reality]] of Lacan integrates the aforementioned elements into the unconscious is [[sexual]] reality - an untenable truthdrive's circuit," much as it cannot be separated from [[death]]. "<i>[[Objet a]]</i> is something from which the subject, originates in an [[order]] to constitute itself, has separated itself off as [[organ]]. This serves as [[symbol]] of the [[lackerogenous zone]], of circles the [[phallus]], not as such, but in so far as it is [[lacking]]. It must be an object that is separable and that has some rapport returns to the lackerogenous zone. At the [[oral]] level, it This circuit is the [[nothingstructured]]; at by the three [[analgrammatical]] level, it is the locus of voices:<br>1. the [[metaphoractive]] - one object for [[another]], give (to see)<br>2. the [[feces]] in [[place]] of the phallus - the anal drive is reflexive (to see oneself)<br>3. the [[domainpassive]] of the [[gift]]; at the [[scopic]] level, we are no longer at the level of [[demand]], but of [[desire,]] of the desire of the Other; it is the same at the level of the [[invocatory]] drive, which is the closest (to the [[experience]] of the unconsciousmake oneself be seen)." <br>The first two relate to demand, the second pair to desire. Under are autoerotic; only in the passive [[formvoice]] of <i>objet a</i>new subject appears, Lacan groups all the partial drives linked to part [[objects]]: the [[breast]], feces"this subject, the [[penisother]], and he adds appears in so far as the [[gaze]] and the voicedrive has been able to show its circular course. Here" The drive is always active, which is why he asserts the [[split]] between writes the eye and [[The Gaze|the gaze]] when he analyzes [[Holbeinthird]]'s <i>[[The Ambassadorsinstance]]</i> as a "trap for the gaze" (<i>piège à regards</i>), but also as a <i>dompte-[[regard]]</i> (the gaze is tamed by an object) and a <i>trompe-l'oeil</i>. In the foreground, a [[floating]] object, a [[phallic]] [[ghost]] object gives presence to the - <font face=make oneself be seen"Symbolinstead of " size="3">F</font><font face="BOOKMAN" size="3to be seen."> of [[castration]]. This object is the heart of the organization of desire through the framework of the drives.<br>

In "La Lacan rejects the [[notion]] that [[partial]] drives can attain any [[complete]] organization since the primacy of the [[genital]] zone is always precarious. The drives are partial, not in the [[sense]] that they are a part of a [[Lettrewhole]] volée" (a [[genital drive]]), but in that they only [[represent]] [[sexuality]] partially: they convey the [[dimension]] of <i>Écritsjouissance</i>) Lacan states that . "The [[reality]] of the unconscious is the [[discoursesexual]] of the Otherreality - an untenable truth," much as it cannot be separated from [[meaningdeath]] that . "one should see in the unconscious the effects of <i>[[speechObjet a]] on </i> is something from which the subject, in [[order]] to constitute itself, has separated itself off as [[organ]]." The unconscious is the effect This serves as [[symbol]] of the [[signifierlack]] on the subject - , of the signifier is what gets [[repressedphallus]] and what returns , not as such, but in the so far as it is [[formationslacking]] of the unconscious. How then It must be an object that is it possible to reconcile desire linked to the signifier separable and that has some rapport to the Other with lack. At the [[libidooral]]level, now an organ under it is the shape of [[nothing]]; at the "[[lamellaanal]]level," it is the locus of the placenta[[metaphor]] - one object for [[another]], give the part [[feces]] in [[place]] of the phallus - the anal drive is the [[bodydomain]] from which of the subject must [[separategift]] in order to ; at the [[existscopic]]? A new conception level, we are no longer at the level of repetition comes into play[[demand]], whose functionning stems from two forces: automatism on but of [[desire,]] of the side desire of the signifier and Other; it is the same at the level of the missed yet desired [[encounterinvocatory]] on drive, which is the closest to the side [[experience]] of the driveunconscious." The first two relate to demand, where the second pair to desire. Under the [[form]] of <i>objet a</i> refers , Lacan groups all the partial drives linked to part [[objects]]: the [[breast]], feces, the [[penis]], and he adds the "[[impossiblegaze]]" Real (that as such cannot be assimilated)and the voice. If transference is Here, he asserts the [[split]] between the eye and [[The Gaze|the enactment (gaze]] when he analyzes [[Holbein]]'s <i>la mise en [[acteThe Ambassadors]]</i> as a "trap for the gaze" (<i>piège à regards</i>) of the reality of the unconscious , but also as a <i>dompte- what Lacan's [[deconstructionregard]] of </i> (the drive wants to bring to light gaze is tamed by an object) and a <i>trompe- if desire is the nodal point where the motion of l'oeil</i>. In the unconsciousforeground, an untenable sexual realitya [[floating]] object, is also at a [[workphallic]], what is to be done? The analyst's [[roleghost]] is object gives presence to allow the drive - <font face="Symbol" size="3"to be made >F</font> of [[presentcastration]] in . This object is the reality heart of the unconscious": he must fall from organization of desire through the idealized position so as to become framework of the upholder of <i>objet adrives.</ibr>, the separating object.

__NOTOC__[[Category:Seminars]] [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]|}|}==English=={| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

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|<small>SUNY Series in Psychoanalysis and Culture</small><BR>Reading Seminar XI: Lacan’s Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis: The Paris Seminars in English

|<small>Suny Series in Psychoanalysis and Culture</small><BR>Reading Seminar XI: Lacan's Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis : The Paris Seminars in English

==French=={| class="wikitablefloatright" width="250px" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" style="float:right;margin-left:10px;line-height:2.0em; padding-left:30px; background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"

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| [https://mega.nz/#!qKo32AxL!iXABjymdFK4W9nd_U9X8NeF-mMbYZTF-Qv1VonJ7OyQ link]

 French versions of [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan's]] [[Seminars]] Source: http://ecole-lacanienne.net* [[:File:Seminaire_11.pdf|Download]]<BR>{{Center|<pdf width="450px" height="600px">File:Seminaire_11.pdf</pdf>}} __NOAUTOLINKS____NOTOC__[[Category:Seminars]] [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]<!--<b>Le séminaire, Livre XI: Les quatre [[concepts]] fondamentaux de la [[psychanalyse]].</b><br>[[French]]: (texte établi par Jacques-[[Alain]] [[Miller]]), [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1973.<br>[[English]]: <b>Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of [[Psychoanalysis]]</b> (edited by [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]), New York: Norton, 1978.-->