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{{Top}}symptôme|sinthome{{Bottom}}
=====Definition=====
The term [[sinthome]] is, as [[Lacan]] points out, an archaic way of writing what has more recently been spelt [[symptôme]].
==Linguistic Definition===Jacques Lacan=====As early =====1975-6 Seminar=====[[Lacan]] introduces the term in 1975, as 1957, the title for the 1975-6 [[symptomseminar]] , which is said to be 'inscribed in both a writing processcontinuing elaboration of his [[topology]], extending the previous [[seminar]]' (Ecs focus on the [[borromean knot]], 445)and an exploration of the writings of [[James Joyce]].
Through this ''coincidentia oppositorum'' -- bringing together [[mathematics|mathematical theory]] and the intricate weave of the [[James Joyce|Joycean]] [[text]] -- [[Lacan]] redefines the [[psychoanalytic]] [[symptom]] in [[terms]] of his final [[topology]] of the [[subject]].
=====Development of the Concept of the "Symptom"=====
Before the [[appearance]] of [[sinthome]], divergent currents in [[Lacan]]'s [[thinking]] lead to different inflections of the [[concept]] of the [[symptom]].
=====The Way in Which the Subject Enjoys the Unconscious=====
Such comments anticipate the radical transformation of Lacan's [[thought]] implicit in his shift from the [[linguistic]] definition of the [[symptom]] - as a [[signifier]] - to his [[statement]], in the 1974-5 [[seminar]], that "the symptom can only be defined as the way in which each subject [[enjoys]] [''jouit''] the unconscious, in so far as the unconscious determines him."<ref>{{L}} 1974-5. ''[[Seminar XXII|Le Séminaire. Livre XXII. RSI]]'', 1974-5, published in ''[[Ornicar?]]'', nos. 2-5, 1975.</ref>
=====Symptom as the Particular Modality of the Subject's ''Jouissance''=====
This move from conceiving of the [[symptom]] as a [[message]] which can be deciphered by reference to the [[unconscious]] "[[structured]] like a language," to [[seeing]] it as the trace of the [[particular]] modality of the [[subject]]'s ''[[jouissance]]'', culminates in the introduction of the term ''[[sinthome]]''.
=====Kernel of Enjoyment Beyond the Symbolic=====
The ''[[sinthome]]'' thus designates a signifying formulation beyond [[analysis]], a kernel of [[enjoyment]] immune to the efficacy of the [[symbolic]].
=====Organization of ''Jouissance''=====
Far from calling for some [[analytic]] "[[dissolution]]," the ''[[sinthome]]'' is what "allows one to live" by providing a unique organisation of ''[[jouissance]]''.
=====Identification with the ''Sinthome''=====
The task of ''[[analysis]]'' thus becomes, in one of [[Lacan]]'s last definitions of the [[end of analysis]], to [[identify]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''.
=====Shift from Linguistics to Topology=====The [[symptomtheoretical]] does not call for shift from [[interpretationlinguistics]] to [[topology]] which marks the final period of Lacan's [[work]] constitutes the [[true]] status of the [[sinthome]] as unanalysable, and amounts to an exegetical problem beyond the familiar one of [[Lacan]]'s dense [[rhetoric]].
=====''Sinthome'' as Fourth Ring in Borromean Knot=====The 1975-6 [[seminar]] extends the [[theory]] of the [[borromean knot]], which in the previous seminar had been proposed as the essential [[symptomstructure]] is not a call to of the [[Othersubject]] but pure , by adding the ''[[jouissancesinthome]]'' addressed as a fourth ring to the [[triad]] of the [[real]], the [[symbolic]] and the [[imaginary]], tying together a [[knot]] which constantly threatens to no onecome undone.<ref>Lacan, 1962-3: seminar of 23 January 1963</ref>
Since [[meaning]] (''sens'') is already figured within the trace of [[knot]], at the particular modality intersection of the [[subjectsymbolic]]'s and the [[jouissanceimaginary]], culminates in it follows that the introduction function of the term ''[[sinthome]]'' -- intervening to [[knot]] together [[real]], [[symbolic]] and [[imaginary]] - is inevitably beyond [[meaning]].
=====Writings of James Joyce=====
[[Lacan]] had been an enthusiastic reader of [[Joyce]] since his youth.<ref>{{Ec}} p.25; {{S20}} p.37</ref>
Faced in his [[childhood]] by the radical non-function / [[sinthomeabsence]] is what (''allows one carence'') of the [[Name-of-the-Father]], [[Joyce]] managed to liveavoid [[psychosis]] by deploying his [[art]] as ' by providing 'suppléance'', as a unique organisation of supplementary cord in the [[subject]]ive [[jouissanceknot]].
=====Lacan's Engagement with Joyce's Writing=====[[Lacan]] introduces the term in 1975, as the title for the 1975-6 's engagement with [[seminar]], which is both a continuing elaboration of his [[topology]], extending the previous [[seminarJoyce]]'s focus on the [[BORROMEAN KNOT]]writing does not, he insists, and an exploration of the writings of entail "applied [[James Joycepsychoanalysis]]. "
=====''Saint Homme''=====
=====New Way of Using Language to Organize Enjoyment=====
To that extent, rather than a theoretical [[object]] or "[[case]]," [[Joyce]] becomes an exemplary ''[[sinthome|saint homme]]'' who, by refusing any [[imaginary]] solution, was able to invent a new way of using [[language]] to organise [[enjoyment]].
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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