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{{Top}}symptôme|sinthome {{Bottom}}
=====Definition=====The term [[sinthome ]] is, as [[Lacan ]] points out, an archaic way of writing what has more recently been spelt symptÙme. Lacan introduces the term in 1975, as the title for the 1975-6 seminar, which is both a continuing elaboration of his topology, extending the previous seminar's focus on the BORROMEAN KNOT, and an exploration of the writings of James Joyce. Through this coincidentia oppositorum - bringing together mathematical theory and the intricate weave of the Joycean text - Lacan redefines the psychoanalytic symptom in terms of his final topology of the subject[[symptôme]].
=====The Way in Which the Subject Enjoys the Unconscious=====Such comments anticipate the radical transformation of Lacan's engagement with Joyce's writing does not[[thought]] implicit in his shift from the [[linguistic]] definition of the [[symptom]] - as a [[signifier]] - to his [[statement]], he insistsin the 1974-5 [[seminar]], entail that "the symptom can only be defined as the way in which each subject [[enjoys]] ['applied psychoanalysis'. Topological theory is not conceived of as merely another kind of representational accountjouit''] the unconscious, but in so far as a form of writing, a praxis aiming to figure that which escapes the imaginaryunconscious determines him. To that extent"<ref>{{L}} 1974-5. ''[[Seminar XXII|Le Séminaire. Livre XXII. RSI]]'', 1974-5, rather than a theoretical object or published in ''[[Ornicar?]]'case', Joyce becomes an exemplary saint homme whonos. 2-5, by refusing any imaginary solution, was able to invent a new way of using language to organise enjoyment1975.</ref>
==def===Symptom as the Particular Modality of the Subject's ''Jouissance''=====A This move from conceiving of the [[symptom]] as a [[message]] which can be deciphered by reference to the [[unconscious]] "[[structured]] like a language," to [[sinthomeseeing]] it as the trace of the [[particular]] is modality of the [[Reuleaux trianglesubject]] figure found 's ''[[jouissance]]'', culminates in the center introduction of a the term ''[[Borromean knotsinthome]]''.{{fact}}
=====Organization of ''Jouissance''=====Far from calling for some [[analytic]] "[[Category:Lacandissolution]]," the ''[[sinthome]]'' is what "allows one to live" by providing a unique organisation of ''[[Category:Psychologyjouissance]]''.
=====Identification with the ''Sinthome''=====
The task of ''[[analysis]]'' thus becomes, in one of [[Lacan]]'s last definitions of the [[end of analysis]], to [[identify]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''.
=====Shift from Linguistics to Topology=====The [[theoretical]] shift from [[linguistics]] to [[topology]] which marks the final period of Lacan's [[work]] constitutes the [[true]] status of the [[sinthome]] as unanalysable, and amounts to an exegetical problem beyond the familiar one of [[Lacan]]'s dense [[rhetoric]]. =====''Sinthome'' as Fourth Ring in Borromean Knot=====The 1975-6 [[seminar]] extends the [[theory]] of the [[borromean knot]], which in the previous seminar had been proposed as the essential [[structure]] of the [[subject]], by adding the ''[[sinthome]]'' as a fourth ring to the [[triad]] of the [[real]], the [[symbolic]] and the [[imaginary]], tying together a [[knot]] which constantly threatens to come undone. This [[knot]] is not offered as a [[model]] but as a rigorously non-[[metaphorical]] description of a [[topology]] "before which the [[imagination]] fails."<ref>{{L}} 195-6. ''[[Seminar XXIII|Le Séminaire. Livre XXIII. Le sinthome, 1975-76]]'', published in ''[[Ornicar]]?'', nos 6-11, 1976-7. 9 December 1975.</ref> Since [[meaning]] (''sens'') is already figured within the [[knot]], at the intersection of the [[symbolic]] and the [[imaginary]], it follows that the function of the ''[[sinthome]]'' -- intervening to [[knot]] together [[real]], [[symbolic]] and [[imaginary]] - is inevitably beyond [[meaning]]. =====Writings of James Joyce=====[[Lacan]] had been an enthusiastic reader of [[Joyce]] since his youth.<ref>{{Ec}} p.25; {{S20}} p.37</ref> In the 1975-6 [[seminar]], [[Joyce]]'s [[writing]] is read as an extended ''[[sinthome]]'', a fourth term whose addition to the [[borromean knot]] of ''RSI'' allows the [[subject]] to cohere. Faced in his [[childhood]] by the radical non-function / [[absence]] (''carence'') of the [[Name-of-the-Father]], [[Joyce]] managed to avoid [[psychosis]] by deploying his [[art]] as ''suppléance'', as a supplementary cord in the [[subject]]ive [[knot]]. [[Lacan]] focuses on [[Joyce]]'s youthful "epiphanies" (experiences of an almost [[hallucinatory]] intensity which were then recorded in enigmatic, fragmentary [[texts]]) as instances of "radical [[foreclosure]]," in which "the real forecloses meaning."<ref>[[Seminar]] of 16 March 1976</ref> ====="Destructive" Refashioning of Language=====The [[Joycean]] text -- from the epiphany to ''[[James Joyce|Finnegans Wake]]'' -- entailed a special relation to [[language]]; a "destructive" refashioning of it as ''[[sinthome]]'', the invasion of the [[symbolic order]] by the [[subject]]'s private ''[[jouissance]]''. One of [[Lacan]]'s puns, ''[[sinthome|synth-homme]]'', implies this kind of "artificial" [[self]]-creation. =====Lacan's Engagement with Joyce's Writing=====[[Lacan]]'s engagement with [[Joyce]]'s writing does not, he insists, entail "applied [[psychoanalysis]]." =====Topological Theory=====[[Topology|Topological theory]] is not conceived of as merely [[another]] kind of representational account, but as a [[form]] of writing, a praxis aiming to [[figure]] that which escapes the [[imaginary]]. =====''Saint Homme''==========New Way of Using Language to Organize Enjoyment=====To that extent, rather than a theoretical [[object]] or "[[case]]," [[Joyce]] becomes an exemplary ''[[sinthome|saint homme]]'' who, by refusing any [[imaginary]] solution, was able to invent a new way of using [[language]] to organise [[enjoyment]]. ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Borromean knot]]* [[Interpretation]]* ''[[Jouissance]]''||* [[Message]]* [[Psychosis]]* [[Signifier]]||* [[Subject]]* [[Symptom]]* [[Topology]]{{Also}} == References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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