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Fantasy
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==Sigmund Freud==
==Jacques Lacan==
===Protection Function===
While [[Lacan]] accepts [[Freud]]'s formulations on the importance of [[fantasy]] and on its [[visual ]] quality as a scenario which stages [[desire]], he emphasizes the protective function of [[fantasy]]. [[Lacan]] compares the [[fantasy]] [[scene]] to a frozen [[image]] on a [[cinema ]] [[screen]]; jut just as the [[film ]] may be stopped at a certain point in [[order ]] to avoid showing a [[trauma]]tic [[scene]] which follows, so also the [[fantasy]] [[scene]] is a [[defence]] which veils [[castration]].<ref>{{S4}} ppp.119-120</ref> The [[fantasy]] is thus characterized by a fixed and immobile quality.
===Defence and Clinical Structure===
Although "[[fantasy]]" only emerges as a significant term in [[Lacan]]'s [[work ]] from 1957 on, the concept of a relatively [[stable ]] mode of [[defence]] is evident earlier on. This concept is at the root both of [[Lacan]]'s [[idea ]] of [[fantasy]] and his [[notion ]] of [[clinical structure]]; both are conceived of as a relatively stable way of defending oneself against [[castration]], against the [[lack]] in the [[Other]]. Each [[clinical structure]] may thus be distinguished by the [[particular ]] way in which it uses a [[fantasy]] [[scene]] to [[veil ]] the [[lack]] in the [[Other]].
===Neurotic Fantasy===
The [[neurotic]] [[fantasy]], which [[Lacan]] formalizes in the [[matheme]] ('''$ <> a'''), appears in the [[graph of desire]] as the [[subject]]'s response to the enigmatic [[desire]] of the [[Other]], a way of answering the question [[about ]] what the [[Other]] wants from me. (''[[Che vuoi?]]'')<ref>{{E}} p.313</ref> The [[matheme]] is to be read: the [[bar]]red [[subject]] in relation to the [[object]]. The [[perverse]] [[fantasy]] inverts this relation to the [[object]], and is thus formalized as '''''a'' <> $'''.<ref>{{Ec}} p.774</ref>
===Fantasy of the Hysteric and Obsessional Neurotic===
Although the [[matheme]] ('''S <> a''') designates the general [[structure]] of the [[neurotic]] [[fantasy]], [[Lacan]] also provides more specific [[formulas ]] for the [[fantasy]] of the [[hysteric]] and that of the [[obsessional neurotic]].<ref>{{S8}} p.295</ref> While the various formulas of [[fantasy]] indicate the common features of the [[fantasy|fantasies]] of those who share the same [[clinical structure]], the [[analyst]] must also attend to the unique features which characterise each [[patient]]'s particular fantasmatic scenario.
===Fundamental Fantasy and the Subject===These unique features express [[Lacan]] holds that beyond all the myriad [[images]] which appear in [[dream]]s and elsewhere there is always one "[[fantasy|fundamental fantasy]]" which is [[unconscious]].<ref>{{S8}} p. 127</ref> In the course of [[psychoanalytic treatment]], the [[analyst]] reconstructs the [[analysand]]'s [[fantasy]] in all its details. However, the [[treatment]] does not stop there; the analysand must go on to "[[fantasy|traverse the fundamental fantasy]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 273</ref> In other [[words]], the [[treatment]] must produce some modification of the [[subject]]'s particular fundamental mode of [[defence]], some alteration in his mode of ''[[jouissance]]'' though in a distorted way.
===Fundamental Fantasy=In the work of Slavoj Žižek ==Like many of Žižek’s foundational theories, fantasy derives from the [[psychoanalytic]] work of Freud and Lacan. For Freud, fantasy emerged in his 1897 discovery that [[memories]] of seduction may be the result of fantasy as opposed to actual sexual [[violence]]. In common parlance, fantasy denotes a [[separation]] from reality, a [[construction]] that is fictional and therefore opposed to reality. Freud’s discovery, though, challenges this widespread [[understanding]] holds . For psychoanalysis, reality is problematic when it is assumed that beyond all it distinguishes authentic or unmediated [[experience]] for the myriad images which appear subject. Reality is more properly [[understood]] as a way of perceiving that is already stained by the [[human]] subject’s desire. Therefore, reality is already a [[subjective]] [[process]] mediated by desire and constructed discursively. Fantasy, then, [[acts]] as a scene that stages desire in the imagination of the subject. For this [[reason]], Lacan states in his fourteenth seminar, ''The [[dreamLogic of Fantasy]]s and elsewhere there '': “Desire is always one "the [[essence]] of reality” (''S''XIV: 6). The principal point for Lacan, here, is that fantasy|fundamental is the setting for desire where fantasyprovides the [[matrix]]" through which is [[unconscioussubjects]]begin to desire.<ref>{{S8}} p.127</ref>
==See Also==
==References==
<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:Zizek Dictionary]]
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