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Krafft-Ebing used the terms in a very specific sense, to refer to a [[sexual]] [[perversion]] in which [[sexual]] [[satisfaction]] is dependent upon inflicting [[pain]] on others ([[sadism]]) or upon experiencing [[pain]] oneself ([[masochism]]).

When [[Freud]] took up the terms in his ''[[Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality]]'', he used them in the same sense as Krafft-Ebing.<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality]]'', 1905d. [[SE]] VII, 125.</ref>