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[[Lacan]]'s [[work ]] within the context of the [[development ]] of [[psychoanalysis ]] in FrancePsychoanalysis can be said to have begun with [[Freud ]] and the publication in 1900 of The [[Interpretation ]] of [[Dreams ]] (see 1991a), and, shortly following this, with such [[texts ]] as The [[Psychopathology ]] of Everyday [[Life ]] (1991b [1901]), [[Jokes ]] and their Relation to the [[Unconscious ]] and '[[Three ]] Essays on the [[Theory ]] of [[Sexuality]]' (both 1905; see 1991c and d). In the 1920s, as interest grew in the newly emerging [[discipline ]] of psychoanalysis, it was received with widely differing views in different countries. Initially, in North America and [[Britain ]] both the [[psychiatric ]] and [[psychological ]] professions warmly embraced what Freud reportedly called the 'modern plague'. Freud was also extremely influential within modernist [[literature]], and was promoted in [[particular ]] by the novelist and critic Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) and the 'Bloomsbury Group', an [[intellectual ]] circle in which Woolf figured large. In France, however, psychoanalysis was rejected on all fronts: [[scientific]], medical, [[religious ]] and [[political]]. As one critic [[notes]], 'the [[French ]] opposed psychoanalysis from so many directions that it is appropriate to [[speak ]] of an “antipsychoanalytic” [[culture]]' (Turkle 1992:27). Indeed, even as late as the 1950s and early 1960s French [[psychiatry ]] remained decidedly antipsychoanalytic. In response to such opposition, the French [[psychoanalytic ]] establishment - under the guidance of the [[Marie Bonaparte]], an early disciple of Freud's and one of his closest associates - insisted that psychoanalysis was a [[science ]] closely aligned to [[medicine]]. Bonaparte and her allies within the Société Psychanalytique de [[Paris ]] (SPP) emphasized the [[biological ]] and medical aspects of psychoanalysis and required anyone who wished to become an [[analyst ]] to first undergo a medical [[training]].