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In his "Reply to Jean Hyppolite's commentary on Freud's ''Negation''"<ref>Lacan. 1954b.</ref> [[Lacan]] describes a primordial act of affirmation which is logically prior to any act of [[negation]].
[[Lacan]] uses [[Freud]]'s German term, ''[[Bejahung]]'' ('[[affirmation]]') to denote this primordial affirmation.<ref>{{Ec}} p.387</ref>
Whereas [[negation]] concerns what [[Freud]] called the "judgement of existence," ''[[Bejahung]]'' denotes something more fundamental, namely the primordial act of [[symbolization]] itself, the inclusion of something in the [[symbolic]] universe.
Only after a thing has been [[symbolize]]d (at the level of ''[[Bejahung]]'') can the value of [[existence]] be attributed to it or not (''[[negation]]'').
[[Lacan]] posits a basic alternative between ''[[Bejahung]]'' and the [[psychotic]] mechanism he later calls '[[foreclosure]]'.
''[[Bejahung]]'' designates a primordial inclusion of something in the [[symbolic]], whereas [[foreclosure]] is a primordial refusal to include something (the [[Name-of-the-Father]] in the [[symbolic]].<ref>{{S3}} p.82</ref>
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